Simultaneous determination of sulfonamides, tetracyclines and tiamulin in swine wastewater by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Abstract

a b s t r a c tLittle is known about the contamination level of antibiotics in swine wastewater in China. The highly complex matrix of swine wastewater, which generally has a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration as high as 15,000 mg/L, makes it difficult to detect antibiotics at trace levels. In this work, a highly selective and sensitive analytical method was developed for simultaneous determination of three classes of commonly used veterinary antibiotics including five sulfonamides, three tetracyclines and one macrolide in swine wastewater using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The method detection limits (MDL) in the swine wastewater were determined to be between 5 and 91 ng/L, depending on specific antibiotics. Except sulfamethizole, all the other eight antibiotics were detected in the swine wastewaters collected from three concentrated swine feeding plants located in the Beijing (China) area, showing a concentration range of 0.62-32.67 g/L. These results reveal the representative concentration levels of selected antibiotics in the swine wastewaters of Beijing area.

Excretion masses and environmental occurrence of antibiotics in typical swine and dairy cattle farms in China

“…Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were found to be used in the feeds of the two swine farms, while other antibiotics including sulfamonomethoxine, doxycycline, trimethoprim, enrofloxacin, leucomycin and florfenicol were only found in the feeds from farm S3 (Table S7). High concentrations and frequencies of tetracyclines were also found in the manure and wastewater from other swine farms in China (Ben et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2012aChen et al, , 2012bPan et al, 2011;Tong et al, 2009;Wei et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2010), implying frequent application of these antibiotics in swine breeding in China. Dewey et al (1999) has reported that tetracyclines such as tetracycline, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline are often fed to all ages of pigs to improve growth and prevent diseases, but included more frequently in the feeds for immature swine than for mature swine.…”

“…High concentrations of antibiotics have been frequently found in animal manure, such as in pig manure (Chen et al, 2012a;Jacobsen and Halling-Sorensen, 2006;Martínez-Carballo et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2010), cattle manure (Zhao et al, 2010) and chicken manures (Karci and Balcioglu, 2009;Martínez-Carballo et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2010) at concentrations up to hundreds of mg/kg, and in animal wastewater at concentrations up to μg/L (Ben et al, 2008;Campagnolo et al, 2002;Chen et al, 2012b;Tagiri-Endo et al, 2009;Watanabe et al, 2010). In Chinese livestock farms, most of wastewater and manure are directly or indirectly discharged into surface water or applied onto agricultural land, resulting in the contamination of antibiotics in aquatic and terrestrial environments.…”

“…However, most reported investigations focused more on tetracyclines, sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones in animal wastes in livestock farms due to available analytical methods, less on other classes of antibiotics such as bacitracin, leucomycin, lincomycin, florfenicol, ceftiofur and ionophores (Ben et al, 2008;Campagnolo et al, 2002;Chen et al, 2012aChen et al, , 2012bJacobsen and Halling-Sorensen, 2006;Karci and Balcioglu, 2009;Martínez-Carballo et al, 2007;Tagiri-Endo et al, 2009;Watanabe et al, 2010;Zhao et al, 2010). Therefore, it is necessary to screen various classes of antibiotics in the animal wastes of livestock farms and their receiving environments to comprehensively evaluate the risks posed by the antibiotics used in livestock farms.…”

Does size matter? Study of performance of pseudo-ELISAs based on molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles prepared for analytes of different sizes

“…One of the major drawbacks to work with MIPs in ELISA is the absence of a reproducible and straightforward method for coating microplate wells with the material. In the literature, there are several papers describing the applications of MIPs in ELISA, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] but only a few demonstrate direct application of MIPs in the assays for quantitative detection of the target analytes. [8][9]16 In one example, the surface of the microplate wells was modified with a homopolymer of 3-aminophenylboronic acid, which was imprinted with ephedrine 15 .…”

Meso e macrofauna de solo cultivado com milho e irrigado com água residuária da suinocultura

“…Independentemente da técnica de destinação das ARSs, deve-se levar em conta as altas concentrações de nitrogênio , fósforo, sódio, cálcio, magnésio, cobre, zinco, matéria orgânica (KUNZ, 2005), antibióticos veterinários (BEN et al, 2008;COSTA et al, 2009;FRANCO et al, 2010) e patógenos (VENGLOWSKY et al, 2009;COSMANN et al, 2012), pois, em excesso, podem causar danos às plantas ou, ainda, poluir os corpos hídricos devido ao escoamento superficial e/ou à lixiviação (KUNZ, 2005). Sendo assim, GONDIM et al (2010) verificaram as diferenças entre os grupos da macrofauna edáfica em solo cultivado com maracujazeiro-amarelo com adição de biofertilizante bovino e encontraram que com irrigação de água salina e na dose de 30 mg L -1 na seca, ocasionou maior quantidade de organismos no período chuvoso.…”