Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in Pharmaceutical Samples by Differential Pulse Voltammetry Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Commercial Screen-Printed Electrodes Based on Carbon Nanomaterials for a Fast and Cost-Effective Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Caffeine in Water Samples

“…Compared to previous reported results attained for the individual or the simultaneous determination of two of them using other electrodes (Table 4), e.g., multiwalled carbon nanotube modified basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode by adsorptive stripping voltammetry [9], poly (4-vinylpyridine)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode by DPV and CV [10], or carbon nanotube modified pyrolytic graphite electrode by CV or SWV [11] for the PA determination, the LODs obtained in this work are slightly higher. However, in comparison to other electrodes, such as carbon paste-multiwalled carbon nanotube composite electrode [17], poly(L-aspartic acid) modified glassy carbon electrode [18], or boron-doped diamond electrode [19] for IB determination by CV, DPV, SWV; gold nanoparticle-glassy carbon paste composite electrode [21], anthraquinone modified carbon paste electrode [22], or most of the electrodes considered in the review for CF determination by SWV, DPV, or stripping voltammetry [23]; nanogold modified indium tin oxide electrode [12], Nafion/TiO 2 –graphene modified glassy carbon electrode [13], C 60 -modified glassy carbon electrode [14], carbon ionic liquid electrode [15], or chitosan modified carbon paste electrode [16] for PA determination by CV, DPV, and SWV; HKUST-1 metal-organic framework-carbon nanofiber composite electrode for IB and diclofenac determination by CV [24]; boron-doped diamond electrode for the concurrent determination of PA and IB [25] or PA and CF [26] by DPV; and glassy carbon electrode for PA and phenobarbital determination by stripping voltammetry [27], the LODs achieved for the simultaneous determination of PA, IB, and CF by DPV using a SPCNFE are similar or even significantly better depending on the electrode considered. Moreover, it is worth noting that most of the sensors used for the determination of such analytes involved modifications of different complexity, whereas the proposed SPCNFE can be used, as it is commercially purchased without any previous modification or treatment, which greatly decreases the time dedicated to the electrode preparation, and with the additional advantages of screen-printed electrodes such as the low cost, disposable character, and the easy attachment to portable instrumentation facilitating the in-situ analysis.…”

“…Several papers devoted to the voltammetric individual determination of PA [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16], IB [17,18,19,20], or CF [21,22,23], or at most the simultaneous determination of two of them [24,25,26,27] were reported in the literature. From these publications, it is worth noting that the determination is mostly carried out in pharmaceutical products or in the case of CF in beverages [23], whereas the voltammetric determination of such analytes in environmental samples has been barely investigated.…”

Application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with boron oxide nanoparticles in electrochemistry

“…7a [37] b Glassy carbon electrode modified with copper ions and terthiophene carboxylic acid polymer [38] c Glassy carbon electrode. The detection limit was reported as 3.0 μg ml −1 [39] d Screen-printed carbon electrode modified with cellulose acetate [40] e Glassy carbon electrode modified with TiO 2 nanoparticles [41] f Carbon fiber electrode modified with polymerization of ophenylenediamine and aniline [42] g Glassy carbon electrode modified with C 60 [43] h Vaseline carbon paste electrode modified with avocado tissue (Persea americana) [44] i Boron-doped diamond electrode [45] j Glassy carbon electrode modified with polyglycine and MWCNTs [46] potential of AC/NAPQI redox system was estimated at about E 1/2 ≈+0.398 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Kissinger et al [30] have investigated extensively the electrochemical oxidation of AC in large pH range and have reported that the number of electrons involved in oxidation of AC to NAPQI is two.…”

Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Extracts of Erythroxylum suberosum A.St.-Hil (Erythroxylaceae)

“…The choice of the electrode used for voltammetric analysis of plant extracts is an important parameter, which should highlight mainly the range of anodic electrode potential and sensitivity for detection of compounds. The purpose of this study was based on the use of boron-doped diamond electrode, which has been used in various analytical applications due to its high stability, high sensitivity and wide range of anodic potential, allowing the analysis of several compounds (Lima et al, 2014(Lima et al, , 2013. Consequently, the characteristics above of this electrode increase the power to evaluate the antioxidant activity in plant extracts.…”