Commercial Screen-Printed Electrodes Based on Carbon Nanomaterials for a Fast and Cost-Effective Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Caffeine in Water Samples

Serrano, Núria; Castilla, Òscar; Ariño, Cristina; Díaz˗Cruz, M. Silvia; Dı́az-Cruz, José Manuel

doi:10.3390/s19184039

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Conversely, for tetracycline, the CB sensor (GCE/CB-PS [ 137 ]) outperformed compared with graphene (GCE/graphene/L-cysteine [ 74 ]) and MWCNT (GCE/MWCNT-Nafion ® [ 120 ]), which obtained exactly the same LOD value (0.12 μmol L −1 ) whereas for trimethoprim the CB sensor (GCE/CB-CuPh [ 138 ]) presented also higher value of LOD (about 20-times higher) compared with the MWCNT (CPE(MWCNT-SbNPs) [ 124 ]). In turn, LOD of sensors for acetaminophen based on graphene (GCE/graphene-PDDA [ 82 ]), MWCNT [CPE(MWCNT) [ 110 ] and GCE/MWCNT-CONH-TAPP/AuNPs [ 111 ]) and CNF (SPCNFE [ 151 ]) are in line with each other, except for Au/MWCNT-CuNPs [ 109 ] that achieved an approximately 10-fold lower value, while in both CB sensors (GCE/AgNPs-CB/PEDOT:PSS [ 141 ] and SPE/CB(BP) [ 140 ]) values vary widely by 2 orders of magnitude. By analyzing the data, we can conclude therefore that there is not a clear tendency for the impact of the type of carbon nanomaterial in the reached sensitivity.…”

Section: Overall Comparison Between Reported Nanostructured Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite its robustness and reliability, this conventional electrode is more suitable for laboratorial work rather for in-situ environmental applications due to its bulkier dimensions. In this sense, screen-printed electrodes [ 72 , 73 , 89 , 90 , 140 , 151 ] and the film type electrodes of gold [ 109 ] and FTO [ 83 ] present high area-to-volume ratio enabling miniaturization and portability and, therefore, are more convenient for in loco analysis. In this miniaturization process, carbon nanomaterials can be extremely useful and exceptionally reliable through the production, for example, of buckypaper type electrodes.…”

Section: Overall Comparison Between Reported Nanostructured Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Nanostructured Carbon-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Screening of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Waters and Aquatic Species: A Review

et al. 2020

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Pharmaceuticals, as a contaminant of emergent concern, are being released uncontrollably into the environment potentially causing hazardous effects to aquatic ecosystems and consequently to human health. In the absence of well-established monitoring programs, one can only imagine the full extent of this problem and so there is an urgent need for the development of extremely sensitive, portable, and low-cost devices to perform analysis. Carbon-based nanomaterials are the most used nanostructures in (bio)sensors construction attributed to their facile and well-characterized production methods, commercial availability, reduced cost, high chemical stability, and low toxicity. However, most importantly, their relatively good conductivity enabling appropriate electron transfer rates—as well as their high surface area yielding attachment and extraordinary loading capacity for biomolecules—have been relevant and desirable features, justifying the key role that they have been playing, and will continue to play, in electrochemical (bio)sensor development. The present review outlines the contribution of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, carbon nanopowder, biochar nanoparticles, and graphite oxide), used alone or combined with other (nano)materials, to the field of environmental (bio)sensing, and more specifically, to pharmaceutical pollutants analysis in waters and aquatic species. The main trends of this field of research are also addressed.

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Section: Overall Comparison Between Reported Nanostructured Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overall Comparison Between Reported Nanostructured Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nanostructured Carbon-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Screening of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Waters and Aquatic Species: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…Very recently, we have developed and applied successful methodologies for the determination of organic UV filters [33] and pharmaceuticals [34] in water by using SPEs.…”

Section: Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Screen-printed devices have found promising applications in the environmental analysis because of their suitability for on-site analysis, supported by their linear output, low power requirement, quick response, high sensitivity, and capability to operate at room temperature [32]. Very recently, we have developed and applied successful methodologies for the determination of organic UV filters [33] and pharmaceuticals [34] in water by using SPEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen-Printed Electrodes for the Voltammetric Sensing of Benzotriazoles in Water

Muschietti

Serrano

Ariño

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Benzotriazoles (BZTs) are high production volume industrial chemicals that are used in various applications such as corrosion inhibitors, antifreeze agents, and UV radiation stabilizers. Given their potential ecotoxicological implications for different ecosystems and in human health, as well as their poor biodegradability, they are of increasing concern. In this study, a new voltammetric method using commercial screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has been developed for the sensing of BZTs in water samples to help in their environmental monitoring. To this end, different types of SPEs based on carbon nanoallotropes and copper were tested under several experimental conditions to determine the two BZTs most frequently detected in the environment: 1H-benzotriazole (BZT) and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (Me-BZT, tolyltriazole) as model compounds for BZTs. Carbon nanofibers electrodes exhibited the best performance, allowing detection limits as low as 0.4 mg L−1 for both BZTs, with repeatability and reproducibility of ca. 5%. The applicability of the method was tested through the determination of BZT in spiked drinking water samples, suggesting its suitability for the sensing of samples heavily polluted with BZTs.

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“…A number of analytical techniques were used for AC determination, such as UV spectrophotometry [30], reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography [31], high-performance thin-layer chromatography [32], liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [33], thin-layer chromatography [34], and capillary electrophoresis [35]. Electrochemical techniques, which are characterized by the cheapness, ease and speed of the analysis, were also used for AC determination using many types of carbon electrodes including carbon paste electrodes [36][37][38][39][40], glassy carbon electrode [41,42] or screen-printed carbon electrodes [43,44]. Acetaminophen is also often used in electrochemical analysis to compare analytical performance of the developed sensors [45][46][47][48] as its electrochemical properties have been thoroughly examined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Electroanalytical Studies of Graphite Flake and Multilayer Graphene Paste Electrodes

Festinger

Morawska

Ivanovski

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this paper, the fabrication, surface characterisation and electrochemical properties of graphite flake (GFPE) and multilayer graphene (MLGPE) paste electrodes are described. The Raman investigations and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze and compare structure of both carbon materials. The electroanalytical performance of both electrodes was examined and compared on the basis of the square-wave and cyclic voltammetric behavior of acetaminophen and model redox systems. Results of those studies revealed that GFPE has a larger electroactive surface area and better conductive properties, whilst MLGPE demonstrate better analytical characteristic in case of acetaminophen (AC) determination. AC determination was developed using square wave voltammetry (SWV) and square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV). For both working electrodes, the process of accumulation enabled us to obtain an extended linear range and to lower the detection limit. In pharmaceutical formulations, AC was determined with good recovery.Sensors 2020, 20, 1684 2 of 15 anisotropic thermal conductivity, with high conductivity in the horizontal direction and low thermal conductivity in the vertical direction [20]. Graphite flakes have found application in electrochemistry as, for instance, a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries [21]. GFs have unique features, including excellent strength and high fracture toughness [22]. Furthermore, the layered graphite structure and weak forces between the layers lead to the possibility of easily refreshing the surface of a paste electrode made of graphite flakes. These properties make graphite flake a promising electrode material [23].Recently, graphene is considered the material of the "rising star" and has received attention due to its unique properties. This form of carbon is considered as a prototype of two-dimensional carbon system and all other dimensionalities [5,24,25]. Graphene can be wrapped into fullerenes (0D), rolled into carbon nanotubes (1D), or used to create graphite (3D) [24]. The development of knowledge related to graphene led to the creation of graphene-based materials. Multilayer graphene (MLG) is a 2D nanomaterial composed of stacked monolayers of graphene. Importantly, both MLG and GNP (graphene nanoplatelets) are composed of graphene layers arranged on top of each other. However, they differ in the number of layers and properties. The number of graphene layers in GNP is greater than 10, while that in MLG varies from 11 to 21 [26]. Experiments show that for model redox systems there is no strong correlation between the flake thickness and the electron transfer rate [27]. However, a higher electron transfer was achieved for flakes consisting of less than 20 graphene layers [27]. The properties of MLG are more similar to those of graphene than to those of graphite [26], and thus make MLG a promising material for the fabrication of carbon paste electrodes.Acetaminophen (AC) is very commonly used in many diseases and pain treatment. Because of its antipyretic and analge...

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Commercial Screen-Printed Electrodes Based on Carbon Nanomaterials for a Fast and Cost-Effective Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Caffeine in Water Samples

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

Application of Nanostructured Carbon-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Screening of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Waters and Aquatic Species: A Review

Application of Nanostructured Carbon-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Screening of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Waters and Aquatic Species: A Review

Screen-Printed Electrodes for the Voltammetric Sensing of Benzotriazoles in Water

Comparative Electroanalytical Studies of Graphite Flake and Multilayer Graphene Paste Electrodes

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