Simultaneous Determination of Octinoxate, Oxybenzone, and Octocrylene in a Sunscreen Formulation Using Validated Spectrophotometric and Chemometric Methods

Abstract

Accurate, reliable, and sensitive spectrophotometric and chemometric methods were developed for simultaneous determination of octinoxate (OMC), oxybenzone (OXY), and octocrylene (OCR) in a sunscreen formulation without prior separation steps, including derivative ratio spectra zero crossing (DRSZ), double divisor ratio spectra derivative (DDRD), mean centering ratio spectra (MCR), and partial least squares (PLS-2). With the DRSZ technique, the UV filters could be determined in the ranges of 0.5-13.0, 0.3-9.0, and 0.5-9.0 μg/mL at 265.2, 246.6, and 261.8 nm, respectively. By utilizing the DDRD technique, UV filters could be determined in the above ranges at 237.8, 241.0, and 254.2 nm, respectively. With the MCR technique, the UV filters could be determined in the above ranges at 381.7, 383.2, and 355.6 nm, respectively. The PLS-2 technique successfully quantified the examined UV filters in the ranges of 0.5-9.3, 0.3-7.1, and 0.5-6.9 μg/mL, respectively. All the methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and successfully applied to determine the UV filters in pure form, laboratory-prepared mixtures, and a sunscreen formulation. The obtained results were statistically compared with reference and reported methods of analysis for OXY, OMC, and OCR, and there were no significant differences with respect to accuracy and precision of the adopted techniques.

Universal procedures for spectrophotometric determination of anticoccidial drugs; application to multi-ingredient veterinary formulation and computational investigations for multivariate analysis

“…2021 -European Journal of Chemistry -CC BY NC -DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.12.4.368-376.2144 For both PLS-2 and PCR, the concentration residuals were plotted against the actual concentrations of the prepared mixtures (Figures 7 and 8), and the residuals for all samples were found to be randomly distributed around zero [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The average recoveries of each drug using PLS-2 and PCR methods are summarized in Table 2.…”

“…The validation set is composed of 5 laboratory-prepared mixtures containing different proportions of AMP, SQX, and DVD (Table 1). In addition, the concentrations of AMP, SQX, and DVD in the veterinary formulation extract were calculated using the optimized PLS-2 or PCR calibration model after being recorded in the same specified lambda range [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Simultaneous separation and determination of 15 organic UV filters in sunscreen cosmetics by HPLC–ESI‐MS/MS

“…Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) was employed for the chromatographic separation of the UV filters due to their high hydrophobicity (logK ow values listed in Table I). Different C 18 and phenyl columns (all with the dimension of 150 9 2.1 mm i.d., 3.5 lm particle size) were tested, including XSelect CSH C 18 , XBridge C 18 , Sunfire C 18 and XBridge Phenyl column (Waters, Milford, MA, U.S.A.). Greater mass responses were observed on all C 18 columns than phenyl column.…”

“…Most of them are not particularly suitable for the analytical control due to limited sensitivity or specificity. The analytical techniques that have been reported in literatures for analyzing UV filters in cosmetics [15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], environmental samples [32][33][34][35][36][37] and aquatic products [38] mainly include spectrophotometry [18], nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [19], Raman spectroscopy [20], derivative ultraviolet spectrometry [21], chemiluminescence [22], micellar electrokinetic chromatography [23,24], electrochemistry [25], supercritical fluid chromatography with ultraviolet detection [26] or mass spectrometric detection, gas chromatography with flame ionization [27], mass spectrometric [27,28,[33][34][35][36][37] or tandem mass spectrometric [15] detection and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection [29][30][31] or tandem mass spectrometry…”

Geospatial Assessment of Trace-Level Benzophenone-3 in a Fish-Bearing River Using Direct Mass Spectrometry

“…12 Spectrophotometric methods have also been used but have inadequate sensitivity for environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., ng/L levels) and limited applicability for complex natural water samples that include dissolved organic matter. 13 Direct mass spectrometry addresses these challenges by eliminating sample cleanup, preparation, and chromatographic steps while still providing high sensitivity and selectivity. One such direct technique is condensed-phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry with liquid electron ionization and in situ chemical ionization (CP-MIMS-LEI/CI).…”