No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Simple, accurate, and eco-friendly spectrophotometric procedures were proposed and implemented for simultaneous determination of anticoccidial drugs from three different classes namely, amprolium hydrochloride (AMP), sulfaquinoxaline sodium (SQX) and diaveridine hydrochloride (DVD). Dual wavelength in ratio spectra procedure was proposed where the difference in amplitudes (ΔP) in the ratio spectra at 264 nm and 301.9 nm (ΔP264&301.9 nm) corresponded to AMP with mean percentage recovery 100.00±0.923%, while (ΔP250.9&279 nm) and (ΔP218&243.5 nm) corresponded to SQX and DVD with mean percentage recoveries 99.31±1.083 and 100.64±1.219%, respectively. The dual wavelength in ratio spectra procedure was validated according to the ICH guidelines and accuracy, precision and repeatability were found to be within the acceptable limit. Multivariate chemometric approaches, namely, partial least-squares (PLS-2) and principal component regression (PCR) were also proposed with mean percentage recoveries 99.31±0.769, 98.91±1.192 and 99.04±1.245% for AMP, SQX and DVD, respectively, in PLS-2 and 99.63±1.005, 99.11±1.272 and 98.93±1.338% for AMP, SQX and DVD, respectively, in PCR. These procedures were successfully applied to the multi-ingredient veterinary formulation with mean percentage recoveries 100.75±1.238, 99.29±0.875 and 99.34±0.745% for AMP, SQX and DVD, respectively, in dual wavelength in ratio spectra procedure and 101.03±1.261, 101.48±0.984 and 101.10±1.339% for AMP, SQX and DVD, respectively, in PLS-2 and 100.22±1.204, 101.10±0.546 and 100.91±0.677% for AMP, SQX and DVD, respectively, in PCR.

No abstract

Need for food production has been increasing greatly in recent years throughout the world. The interest on the supply of quality of food has also increased, but a significant loss of crop production was observed annually, especially the main cereal crops, including rice, wheat and maize, due to the presence of weeds accompanying them in the growing season. Allelopathy has emerged as an alternative approach to solve problem agriculture that including: crop rotations, intercropping, crop residue incorporation and aqueous extracts all that used to explore allelopathy for pest management, enhancement of growth and crop production. As will allelopathic consider as weeds, insect and diseases natural control. Secondary metabolites biosynthesis of at high rates have a great role in provides defense against abiotic stresses. In plant rhizosphere allelochemicals exuded improve nutrient acquisition through the processes of solublization; biological nitrification; chelation and selected retention. In this chapter, application of the allelopathic phenomenon in crop production is discussed and his roller in managing agricultural pests and improving the productivity of agricultural systems. It was found that allelochemicals promote plant growth and production at low concentration; however it can suppress the growth if applied at high concentrations, for that can be used allelopathic compounds for weed control by used high concentrations of plant residues or aqueous extracts of plant.