Simultaneous determination of brazilin and protosappanin B in Caesalpinia sappan by ionic-liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction method combined with HPLC

Abstract

The conditions of heating, ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction combined with reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography were optimized to simultaneously isolate and determinate brazilin and protosappanin B in Caesalpinia sappan. Ionic liquids, including [BMIM]Br, [BMIM]BF4, [BMIM]PF6 and [HMIM]PF6, were selected as extraction solvents while methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol and water were selected as dispersants. The chromatographic column was Purospher star RP-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), a mixture of methanol and 0.2% phosphoric acid–water was used as mobile phase at a flow rate 0.65 mL/min. The result displayed that the extraction yields of brazilin and protosappanin B were highest when the concentration of [BMIM]Br methanol solution as extraction solvent was 0.5 mol/L and the solid–liquid ratio was 1:50 (g/mL). Under the optimal extraction conditions, the contents of brazilin showed a good linearity (r = 1.0000) within the range of 1.25–7.50 μg with the average recovery of 99.33%, the contents of protosappanin B also showed a good linearity (r = 0.9999) within the range of 0.50–3.00 μg with the average recovery of 98.31%. This experiment, which adopted environmentally friendly reagent as extraction solvent, not only improved the extraction efficiency, but also avoided the environmental pollution caused by organic solvent. Moreover, it was simple and reliable, and can be of important significance in the study of Traditional Chinese Medicine active ingredient extraction methods. The antibacterial activities of the ionic liquids and methanol extracts were determined using the paper disc diffusion method. The ionic liquid extract was found to possess antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC value of 37.5 mg crude drug/mL), β-Lactamase producing S. aureus (MIC values of 18.8 mg crude drug/mL), but not against E. coli, Extended spectrum β-Lactamases E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Compared with the ionic liquid extract, the methanol extract was found to have antibacterial activity against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC value of 75.0 mg crude drug/mL), β-Lactamase producing S. aureus (MIC values of 150.0 mg crude drug/mL). However, the same, the methanol extract did not have antibacterial activity against E. coli, Extended spectrum β-Lactamases E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

Efficient Extraction of Anti-Inflammatory Active Ingredients from Schefflera octophylla Leaves Using Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Coupled with HPLC

“…As ionic liquid is the core factor of this experiment, it is extremely important to select the suitable ionic liquid type. In our previous study [24,25,26,27,28,29], four imidazole ILs ([BMIM]BF 4 (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), [BMIM]Br(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide), [BMIM]PF 6 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate), and [HMIM]PF 6 (1-Hexyl-3- methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate)) could obviously improve the extraction yield. It was probably because of its stronger multi-interactions including π–π, ionic/charge–charge, and hydrogen bonding with those compounds [30].…”

Optimization of ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction on brazilin levels from sappan wood and its dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition activity

“…The color of the brazilin standard in [BMIM]Br was more concentrated due to bromide anions (Br − ), which can make ionic solutions more acidic than other anions (Anderson et al, 2002). The weak acidic ionic solution provides an advantage in extracting brazilin (Xia et al, 2017).…”

Enhancement of The Sappanwood Extract Yield by Aqueous Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Using Water Solvent

“…While temperature, time, solid to liquid ratio, and solvent selection are reported to be the main influential parameters that can affect the UAE performance, polar solvents have been reported to be the suitable solvents for the extraction of phenolic compounds like brazilin. Based on their investigations through comparison of several solvents to extract brazilin from sappanwood heartwood, namely water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, and acetone, Xia et al reported that methanol and water are the most suitable solvents [15]. Unfortunately, methanol is more toxic, expensive, and may cause serious environmental issues.…”