No abstract

A new pentanorlanostane, ganosineniol A (1), eight new lanostane triterpenoids, ganosinoside A (2), ganoderic acid Jc (3), ganoderic acid Jd (4), ganodermatetraol (5), ganolucidic acid γa (6), ganolucidate F (7), ganoderiol J ( 8), and methyl lucidenate Ha ( 9), and a new sesquiterpenoid, ganosinensine (10), together with eleven known triterpenoids (11- 21), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the fungus Ganoderma sinense. Chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic evidence, including 1D, 2D NMR, and mass spectral data. Furthermore, all isolates were tested for cytotoxic activity and induction ability of hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression. Among them, ganoderic acid Jc (3) displayed selective inhibitory activity against HL-60 cells (IC₅₀ = 8.30 µM), and ganoderiol E (11) exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC₅₀ = 6.35 µM). Meanwhile, compounds 5, 7, and ganolucidic acids B and C (19, 20) showed induction ability of hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression.

Four pairs of new polycyclic-meroterpenoid enantiomers, ganocins A-C (1-3) possessing a spiro[4,5]decane ring system, along with ganocin D (4) with an eight-membered ring, were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma cochlear. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction crystallography. Their anti-AChE activities were evaluated, and a possible biogenetic pathway was also proposed.

Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species generated in the human body can cause oxidative damage associated with many degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis, dementia, coronary heart diseases, aging, and cancer. There is a great interest in developing new antioxidants from Ganoderma fungus due to its low toxicity. As part of our ongoing search for antioxidative constituents from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum, the chemical constituents were investigated and seven secondary metabolites, including one new lanostane triterpene (1), two known aromatic meroterpenoids (6–7), and four known triterpenes (2–5), were isolated by a series of chromatographic methods. The structures of the seven compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The isolated compounds were tested in vitro for antioxidant potencies and neuroprotective activities against H2O2 and aged Aβ-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. As a result, compounds 1, 6, and 7 exhibited potent antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Additionally, all isolated compounds were tested for radical scavenging activities. Compounds 6 and 7 showed the comparable free radical scavenging activities with the standard drug in both ABTS (2, 2’-azobis (3-ethylbenzothiazole-6-sulfonaic acid)) and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) experiments. The results from this study suggested that G. lucidum and its metabolites (especially the meroterpenoids) may be potential functional food ingredients for the antioxidation and prevention of neurogenerative diseases.

Two novel trinorlanostanes, cochlates A and B (1 and 2), with a 3,4-seco-9,10-seco-9,19-cyclo skeleton, as well as six new triterpenoids, fornicatins D-F (3-5) and ganodercochlearins A-C (6-8), together with five known triterpenoids (9-13), were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma cochlear. The structural elucidation was achieved by interpretation of spectroscopic data, and compounds 2 and 7a were further characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Fornicatins A, D, and F (10, 3, and 5) and fredelin (13) lowered the ALT and AST levels in HepG2 cells treated with H2O2, suggesting that they could display in vivo hepatoprotective activities.

No abstract

No abstract

Three new cucurbitane triterpenoids 1–3 and one new steroidal glycoside 4, were isolated together with ten known compounds from Momordica charantia. The structures of new compounds were determined to be 19(R)-n-butanoxy-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), 23-O-β-allopyranosyle-cucurbita-5,24-dien-7α,3β,22(R),23(S)-tetraol 3-O-β-allopyranoside. (2), 23(R),24(S),25-trihydroxycucurbit-5-ene 3-O-{[β-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-O-β-glucopyranosyl}-25-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), and 24(R)-stigmastan-3β,5α,6β-triol-25-ene 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (4), respectively. Their structures were elucidated by the combination of mass spectrometry (MS), one and two-dimensional NMR experiments and chemical reactions.