Simultaneous consideration of the balancing market and day‐ahead market in Stackelberg game for flexiramp procurement problem in the presence of the wind farms and a DR aggregator

Joint energy and flexiramp market equilibrium model for regional‐integrated electricity‐heat systems considering flexibility exploitation of district heating networks

“…It is capable to reserve capacity for fluctuation and uncertainty of net load in the following time interval by dispatching flexible resources. 6,7 An optimal day-ahead electricity-FRP market framework is proposed in, 8 where the influence of FRP on market equilibrium is analyzed by establishing a bi-level optimization model. To determine the capacity of FRP more precisely, a Gumbel-copula based multi-interval method is modified in.…”

“…The first and third constraints in ( 6) are the aforementioned operation strategy of MGs. The second, fourth, and fifth constraints in (6) are IDR constraints. Moreover, the last two constraints are the FRP provision constraints of the m th MG utilizing the production, demand, and storage equipment.…”

“…The m th MG strategically bids in the joint market to maximize the revenue in the market. The optimal bidding strategy model of MGs can thus be summarized as where u e.m S (t) and u e.m B (t) indicate the selling and purchasing status of electric energy trading, which are determined by the operating principles in Section 4.2 and constraints in (6). The revenue/cost that MGs gain from heat trading can be confirmed in the same manner.…”

Prediction of the Demand Response Behavior of Residential Consumers through a Bayesian Forecasting Method

“…Therefore, flexibility is introduced as one of the main concerns of renewable-dominated power systems. One of main resources of ramp flexibility is demand-side resources [1][2][3][4]. Demand-side flexibility refers to the voluntary alterations in the grid electricity demand, which are activated by some sort of incentives.…”