Simultaneous CMOS-Based Imaging of Calcium Signaling of the Central Amygdala and the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus During Nociception in Freely Moving Mice

Abstract

Fluorescence imaging devices have been indispensable in elucidating the workings of the brain in living animals, including unrestrained, active ones. Various devices are available, each with their own strengths and weaknesses in terms of many factors. We have developed CMOS-based needle-type imaging devices that are small and lightweight enough to be doubly implanted in freely moving mice. The design also allowed angled implantations to avoid critical areas. We demonstrated the utility of the devices by using them on GCaMP6 mice in a formalin test experiment. Simultaneous implantations to the capsular-lateral central amygdala (CeLC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were proven to be safe and did not hinder the execution of the study. Analysis of the collected calcium signaling data, supported by behavior data, showed increased activity in both regions as a result of pain stimulation. Thus, we have successfully demonstrated the various advantages of the device in its application in the pain experiment.

Ultrasmall compact CMOS imaging system for bioluminescence reporter-based live gene expression analysis

“…This was demonstrated previously using fluorescent reporters. 6 , 7 , 30 However, as mentioned earlier, fluorescence imaging has some drawbacks and so we developed a new device for bioluminescence instead. This new device still follows the same size as our previous studies.…”

“…Due to their small size, can be implanted into biological tissue with very minimal damage, as we have shown previously. 5 – 7 Therefore, offer a competitive advantage.…”

Investigating the Influence of GABA Neurons on Dopamine Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area Using Optogenetic Techniques

“…Three LEDs were connected in series and driven at 3 mA. These conditions maintained the light intensity of 1 mW/mm 2 required to open the channel of ChrimsonR without causing damage to brain tissue from heat [22,23].…”

“…We have previously fabricated PS devices for rats and monkeys [17,18,22,23]. However, the device presented here for mice has been modified.…”

Thin and Scalable Hybrid Emission Filter via Plasma Etching for Low-Invasive Fluorescence Detection

“…Due to its lensless structure, wherein an image sensor detects an object without a lens, several hundred-micrometer devices can constitute the image sensor [ 1 , 2 ]. One of the primary applications of this sensor is visualizing and quantifying brain cell and tissue activity in freely moving animals [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Compared to other imaging modalities for behavioral experiments, such as miniature microscopy [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], a microimaging device enables multisite experiments by observing different brain areas simultaneously.…”