A blue phosphorescent organic light emitting device fabricated under the ultra high vacuum (UHV) condition of 6.5 × 10−7 Pa decreases the initial luminance drop upon lifetesting under a constant dc current of 15 mA/cm2 by 3 times compared to a device fabricated under a high vacuum (HV) condition of 7.6 × 10−6 Pa resulting in a 23% increase in half lifetime. We calculate a water content of 10−4 mol. % in the UHV device emissive layer (EML) and 10−2 mol. % in the HV device EML. We discuss the effects of water on luminance loss and voltage rise for the devices.

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The doping of Eu 3+ within a framework of exfoliated g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets (Eu/ nanoC 3 N 4 ) was achieved via a straightforward one-step pyrolysis process using dicyandiamide and EuCl 3 •6H 2 O as precursors in N 2 at 550 °C by the conjoint use of NH 4 Cl as a dynamic gas template. Physicochemical characterization by means of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and Eu L III -edge X-ray absorption fine structure analyses provided evidence for the generation of a single-atom Eu 3+ complex in the cavity bonded with six N atoms constructed by three heptazine units in the g-C 3 N 4 framework. Eu/nanoC 3 N 4 exhibited characteristic Eu 3+ emissions attributed to the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transitions, which are quickly quenched at room temperature upon exposure to particular volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with moderate adsorption energies, such as acetone and cyclohexane, as evidenced by density functional theory calculations. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that the sensing properties are due to a ligand−metal energy transfer mechanism between adsorbed VOC molecules and the single-atom Eu doped within the C 3 N 4 framework. The results provide insight into the utilization of single-atom Eu 3+ complexes within the framework of exfoliated g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets for the development of potential luminescent sensing materials with high sensitivity and selectivity.

The prognosis of patients with multiple hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains disappointing. In this study, we devised a new therapeutic modality for HCC consisting of transarterial immunoembolization (TIE) using OK-432 and fibrinogen and then analyzed the preliminary results. In the first series, we applied the treatment to 19 patients with advanced HCC who had proved to be insensitive to several previous conventional treatments. In all, 14 patients (74%) with unresected HCC have currently survived for between 2 and 16 months after TIE. The remaining 5 patients died at 17, 14, 8, 7, and 4 months after TIE. The serum levels of tumor markers decreased in all of the patients, and a marked reduction in tumor size was observed in six patients after TIE. A high fever occurred in all cases, and abdominal pain and loss of appetite were also observed after TIE. However, deterioration of liver function was negligible. After confirmation of the safety of this method, we started a second study series in which this TIE treatment was selected as the first choice. Six patients have been treated to date. All patients in this group underwent hepatic resection at 6-48 days following TIE. Histological examination of the resected specimens following TIE showed massive infiltration of mononuclear cells around tumor cell nests and lytic necrosis as well as coagulation necrosis of the main tumor and the intrahepatic metastases. In conclusion, our results indicate that TIE may be a safe and promising therapy for patients with HCC.

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