Simulator for Water Resources in Rural Basins

Williams, J. R.; Nicks, A. D.; Arnold, Jeffrey G.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1985)111:6(970)

Cited by 270 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This 30-year record is extended empirically using the WXGEN weather generator (Williams et al 1985;Sharpley and Williams 1990a, b;Wallis and Griffiths 1995) to create a 200-year simulated record. The simulation is based on six key statistical characteristics of the timeseries analysed from the historical data.…”

Section: Hazard Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai

et al. 2010

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Managing risks from extreme events will be a crucial component of climate change adaptation. In this study, we demonstrate an approach to assess future risks and quantify the benefits of adaptation options at a city-scale, with application to flood risk in Mumbai. In 2005, Mumbai experienced unprecedented flooding, causing direct economic damages estimated at almost two billion USD and 500 fatalities. scenario could see the likelihood of a 2005-like event more than double. We estimate that total losses (direct plus indirect) associated with a 1-in-100 year event could triple compared with current situation (to $690-$1,890 million USD), due to climate change alone. Continued rapid urbanisation could further increase the risk level. The analysis also demonstrates that adaptation could significantly reduce future losses; for example, estimates suggest that by improving the drainage system in Mumbai, losses associated with a 1-in-100 year flood event today could be reduced by as much as 70%. We show that assessing the indirect costs of extreme events is an important component of an adaptation assessment, both in ensuring the analysis captures the full economic benefits of adaptation and also identifying options that can help to manage indirect risks of disasters. For example, we show that by extending insurance to 100% penetration, the indirect effects of flooding could be almost halved. We conclude that, while this study explores only the upper-bound climate scenario, the risk-assessment core demonstrated in this study could form an important quantitative tool in developing city-scale adaptation strategies. We provide a discussion of sources of uncertainty and risk-based tools could be linked with decision-making approaches to inform adaptation plans that are robust to climate change.

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Section: Hazard Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai

et al. 2010

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“…Simulator for Water Resources in Rural Basins (SWRRB) was developed by modifying CREAMS for evaluating basin scale water quality by daily simulation of weather, hydrology, crop growth, sedimentation, nitrogen, phosphorous and pesticide movement (Williams et al, 1985 (Arnold et al, 1989).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Modelling Tools for Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive in Handling Diffuse Water Pollution

Yang

Wang

2009

Water Resour Manage

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A numerical catchment-scale model capable of simulating diffuse water pollution is necessary in sustainable environmental management for better implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive. This paper provides critical reviews of most popular and free models for diffuse water modelling, with detailed sources and application potential. Based upon these reviews, further work of selecting and testing the HSPF model was carried out, with a case study in the Upper Bann Catchment, NorthernIreland. The calibrated and validated HSPF model can well represent the characteristics of surface water quantity and quality. Climate change scenario evaluation in five years showed that when the annual mean temperature increase 3°C the mean yearly total runoff volume will decrease by 11.1% and the mean daily river flow 11.4%. If 20% crop and pasture land is converted into forest land in the study area, the mean river concentration of nitrate, nitrite, NH 4 and PO 4 in five years will decrease by 19.4%, 33.3%, 31.3% and 31.3% respectively. When applying filter strip method in 80% crop and pasture land in the area, the reduction of the mean concentration of nitrate, nitrite, NH 4 and PO 4 in five years will be 15.3%, 33.3%, 31.3%, and 5.6% respectively. This Software availabilitySoftware name/source: all reviewed software are mentioned in the text.

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“…It is used in a wide range of design situations and has been integrated into many hydrologic, erosion, and water-quality models such as CREAMS (Knisel 1980), SWRRB (Williams et al 1985;Arnold et al 1990), AGNPS (Young et al 1989), EPIC (Sharpley and Williams 1990), PERFECT (Littleboy et al 1992), WEPP (Risse et al 1994) and SWAT.…”

Section: Cn Runoff Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simplified Hydrological Method for Flood Risk Assessment at Sub-basin Level in Niger

Fiorillo

Tarchiani

2017

Renewing Local Planning to Face Climate Change in the Tropics

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Flood events are increasing year by year in the Sahel, mainly caused by climate and land use changes. New strategies and tools are necessary to optimize flooding risk reduction plans. This paper presents a new hydrological method (FREM, Flooding Risk Evaluation Method), based on the curve number runoff estimation. The method can be adopted for small-medium basins and is based on the integration of remote sensing techniques with field surveys and participatory mapping. It consists of preliminary identification of the areas and sub-basins that most contribute to the flood risk; scenarios can then be developed in order to: (i) optimize the placement of traditional water retention structures in the elementary sub-basins that contribute most to the overall risk, (ii) assess the contribution of each hydraulic structure to reduce the total risk, (iii) give a priority ranking to these structures identifying those most urgent. The main advantages of this method are that it is easy to use and can be implemented using free available land cover, soil and morphology data and open-source GIS (Geographic Information System) software. A case study for the Ouro Gueladjo basin (Tillabery Region, Niger) is presented.

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Simulator for Water Resources in Rural Basins

Cited by 270 publications

References 5 publications

An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai

An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai

A Review of Modelling Tools for Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive in Handling Diffuse Water Pollution

A Simplified Hydrological Method for Flood Risk Assessment at Sub-basin Level in Niger

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