Simulations of a predictable quantum efficient detector with PC1D

Gran, Jarle; Kübarsepp, Toomas; Sildoja, Meelis-Mait; Manoocheri, Farshid; Ikonen, Erkki; Müller, Ingmar

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/49/2/s130

Cited by 38 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At room temperature, the spectral responsivity of the PQED can be predicted within the standard uncertainty of 70 ppm in the visible wavelength range [12]. Measurements against cryogenic radiometers at 476 nm, 532 nm and 760 nm confirm the predicted responsivity [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…As compared to regular diffused p-n junction photodiodes, the high-efficiency induced junction photodiodes [10][11][12] may have considerably smaller charge carrier losses. The effect of reflectance, on the other hand, can be reduced by Brewster-angle operation [13] or by assembling the photodiodes into a lighttrapping configuration [9,[14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Primary standard of optical power operating at room temperature

Dönsberg

Sildoja

Manoocheri

et al. 2014

EPJ Web of Conferences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector (PQED) is evaluated as a new primary standard of optical power. Design and characterization results are presented for a new compact room temperature PQED that consists of two custom-made induced junction photodiodes mounted in a wedged trap configuration. The detector assembly includes a window aligned in Brewster angle in front of the photodiodes for high transmission of p polarized light. The detector can also be operated without the window, in which case a dry nitrogen flow system is utilized to prevent dust contamination of the photodiodes. Measurements of individual detectors at the wavelength of 488 nm indicate that reflectance and internal quantum efficiency are consistent within 14 ppm and 10 ppm (ppm = part per million), respectively, and agree with the predicted values. The measured photocurrent ratio of the two photodiodes confirms the predicted value for s and p polarized light, and the spatial variation in the photocurrent ratio can be used to estimate the uniformity in the thickness of the silicon dioxide layer on the surface of the photodiodes. In addition, the spatial non-uniformity of the responsivity of the PQED is an order of magnitude lower than that of single photodiodes. Such data provide evidence that the room temperature PQED may replace the cryogenic radiometer as a primary standard of optical power in the visible wavelength range.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary standard of optical power operating at room temperature

Dönsberg

Sildoja

Manoocheri

et al. 2014

EPJ Web of Conferences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The IQE of such diodes operated at room temperature can be modelled with an estimated standard uncertainty of 70 ppm in the visible wavelength range [10]. Due to the wedged trap configuration of the PQED, shown in figure 1, the uncertainty of the PQED reflectance is less than 30 ppm for most of the visible wavelength range [7,15].…”

Section: Pqed-based Methods For Realization Of Photometric Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new method utilizes the Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector (PQED) [7][8][9] operated at room temperature directly in the measurement of illuminance and luminous intensity. The PQED is a primary standard of optical power based on induced junction photodiodes, whose absolute spectral responsivity can be predicted with a relative uncertainty of less than 0.01 % [7][8]10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for decreasing uncertainties in LED photometry

Dönsberg¹,

Pulli²,

Sildoja³

et al. 2015

17th International Congress of Metrology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Even though energy-efficient and sustainable solutions, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), have become popular in general lighting, mainly incandescent lamps are used as measurement standards in photometry. Optical properties of the LED lamps together with the often unstable built-in power converters bring challenges to NMIs and testing laboratories. Due to the narrow and complicated spectra of the LED lamps, the uncertainties of traditional photometers calibrated by incandescent lamps tend to increase when LED lamps are measured. Switching from an incandescent lamp to an LED-based calibration source would decrease the uncertainty related to the spectral mismatch correction. LED-based photometric standard lamps would also have other benefits, such as long lifetime and good temporal stability. Moreover, as spectra of white LED lamps are limited to the visible wavelength range, a novel method for illuminance measurements based on the Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector (PQED) can be used to characterize these standard lamps with luminous flux uncertainties significantly below 1 % (k = 2) at NMIs. The method eliminates the need of photometric filters in realization of the illuminance unit. Instead, the photometric weighting is carried out numerically using a separately measured relative spectrum of the source. Well characterized LED-based calibration lamps, together with improved electrical power measurement, would reduce measurement uncertainties of illuminance, luminous intensity, luminous flux and luminous efficacy measurements of LED lamps at NMIs and testing laboratories. This would have a high impact on the development of energy-efficient LED lamps and on the assessment of the energy saving potential of solid state lighting. It is also shown, that recent advances in illuminance and electrical power measurement will enable luminous efficacy measurements of LED lamps with uncertainty well below the present state-of-the-art level of about 1 % (k = 2).

show abstract

“…The method relies on an unfiltered detector with a known absolute responsivity and on carrying out the photometric weighting numerically based on the measured relative spectrum of the light source, thus eliminating the need of using photometric filters in the unit realization. When the predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED) 17,18,19 -a new primary standard for optical power that is based on an induced junction photodiode trap and that has a near unity quantum efficiency -is used as the broadband detector, high accuracy can be achieved, because the absolute spectral responsivity of the PQED can be predicted with a relative uncertainty of less than 0.01% 20,21 . We will demonstrate that the PQED method is more accurate than the photometer method when white LED lamps are used as light sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of white LED lamps and new detector technology in photometry

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Light emitting diode (LED) lighting is becoming more and more popular, as incandescent lamps are being phased out globally. LEDs have several advantages over incandescent lamps, including energy efficiency, robustness, long lifetime, and good temporal stability. The three latter features make LEDs attractive candidates as new photometric standards. Because the spectra of white LEDs are limited to the visible wavelength range, a novel method for the realization of photometric units based on the predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED) can be utilized. The method eliminates the need of photometric filters that are traditionally used in photometry, and instead relies on carrying out the photometric weighting numerically based on the measured relative spectrum of the source. The PQED-based realization simplifies the traceability chain of photometric measurements significantly as compared with the traditional filter-based method. The measured illuminance values of a white LED deviate by only 0.03% when determined by the new and the traditional methods. The new PQED method has significantly lower expanded uncertainty of 0.26% (k 5 2) as compared with that of the traditional filter-based method of 0.42% (k 5 2). Furthermore, when filtered photometers that measure LED lighting are calibrated using LED lamps as calibration sources instead of incandescent lamps, a significant decrease in the uncertainty related to the spectral mismatch correction can be obtained. The maximum spectral mismatch errors of LED measurements decreased on average by a factor of 3 when switching from an incandescent lamp to an LED calibration source.

show abstract

Simulations of a predictable quantum efficient detector with PC1D

Cited by 38 publications

References 6 publications

Primary standard of optical power operating at room temperature

Primary standard of optical power operating at room temperature

Methods for decreasing uncertainties in LED photometry

Advantages of white LED lamps and new detector technology in photometry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About