Simulation of the seismic performance of the Bolu Viaduct subjected to near‐fault ground motions

Park, S. W.; Ghasemi, Hamid; Shen, Jerry; Somerville, Paul; Yen, W. Phillip; Yashinsky, Mark

doi:10.1002/eqe.395

Cited by 101 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A postearthquake investigation at the viaduct site revealed that the fault crosses the viaduct (between Piers P44 and P45) at an angle of about 25 ∘ , and the ground dislocation in the faultparallel direction across the rupture was approximately 1.5 m (59.1 in.). In the analysis by Park et al (2004), two different ground motions, each involving a static slip of 0.75 m (29.55 in.) in opposite directions, were imposed upon the two sides of the ground separated by the surface rupture, resulting in a net ground dislocation of 1.5 m. Results revealed that the static ground displacement had to be accounted for in the dynamic analysis in order to achieve the observed performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in opposite directions, were imposed upon the two sides of the ground separated by the surface rupture, resulting in a net ground dislocation of 1.5 m. Results revealed that the static ground displacement had to be accounted for in the dynamic analysis in order to achieve the observed performance. The study asserts that all bridges built close to known faults must have greater displacement capacities than those designed for far-field ground motions [4,5]. Choi et al (2007) studied the effect of fault-rupture [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic Response of the Three‐Span Bridge with Innovative Materials Including Fault‐Rupture Effect

Saiidi

2018

Shock and Vibration

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The seismic performance of the SR99 Bridge with conventional and advanced details in Seattle, Washington, was studied via a nonlinear, time history analysis of a multidegree of freedom model. The bridge consists of three spans supported on two singlecolumn piers and will be the first built bridge in the world in which superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) and engineered cementitious composite (ECC) are implemented to reduce damage at plastic hinges and minimize residual displacements. Existing finite-element formulations in the finite-element software OpenSees are used to capture the response of the advanced materials used in the bridge. The earthquake induced by strike-slip fault was assumed to produce a surface rupture across the SR99 Bridge. The effect of the rupture was modeled by a static, differential ground displacement in the fault-parallel direction across the rupture. The synthetic suite of scaled bidirectional near-fault ground motions used in the analysis contains common near-fault features including a directivity pulse in the fault-normal direction and a fling step in the fault-parallel direction. Comparisons are made on behavior of two different bridge types. The first is a conventional reinforced concrete bridge and the second is a bridge with Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) SMA reinforcing bar at the plastic hinge zone and ECC in the whole column. Fault-parallel near-fault earthquakes typically exhibit a static permanent ground displacement caused by the relative movement of the two sides of the fault. When the fault is located between piers, the pier shows a higher demand. Fault-normal analysis results show effectiveness of the innovative interventions on the bridges in providing excellent recentering capabilities with minimal damage to the columns. But the maximum drift computed in the SMA bridge is slightly higher than reinforced concrete (RC) bridges, contributed by comparatively low stiffness of the superelastic SMA bars compared to the steel reinforcing bars.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Response of the Three‐Span Bridge with Innovative Materials Including Fault‐Rupture Effect

Saiidi

2018

Shock and Vibration

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“…Structural damage caused by the earthquake a) dislodged damper b) Movement in transverse shear keys (from Park et al, 2004) detic Studies lu Viaducts, constructed as part of the Bolu Mountain Pass, is located in North-Central (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Geodetic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A post-earthquake investigation at the viaduct site revealed that the fault intersects the viaduct (between piers 44 and 45) at an angle of about 25 • , and the magnitude of the ground dislocation in the fault-parallel direction across the rupture was approximately 1.5 m. To understand the dynamic behaviour of the viaduct under earthquake conditions in the time history domain, a FEM modelling was implemented and the ground motion recorded at the Bolu station during the 1999 Düzce earthquake was used. The seismic performance of the Bolu viaducts was investigated by Park et al (2004) who studied the responses of passive control devices installed in the viaducts.…”

Section: Engineering Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6: Orientation of the surface fault rupture and the direction of static ground ement (Park et al, 2004) ation of the viaducts in relation to the axis of the surface fault rupture is shown in 6. The permanent differential ground displacement across the surface rupture was construction of the highway, including the viaducts, was not yet completed.…”

Section: Engineering Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of post-earthquake displacements in viaducts using Geodetic and Finite Element Methods

Guney

Acar

Ozludemir

et al. 2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper presents the results of research into the post-earthquake displacements of the partially constructed road viaducts in Bolu, Turkey after the Izmit/Kocaeli, (M w = 7.4), and Düzce (M w = 7.1) earthquakes on 17 August and 12 November 1999, respectively. The investigations on the viaducts were carried out using both Geodetic and Finite Element Methods (FEM). Firstly, all the geodetic network stations selected for the project were checked because of the recent deformation in the area. Then, new control stations were placed between the piers of the viaducts. 28 object points were placed and measured on each pier to determine their displacements. In the second stage, the behaviours of the viaducts were modelled using the FEM, and the Düzce earthquake acceleration record was analysed to observe the response of the viaducts in a time history domain. The modelled displacement response of the viaducts was compared with the geodetic measurements in order to interpret the sensitivity of the design calculation of the engineering model. The pier displacements that were geodetically measured and calculated using FEM peak pier displacements showed an increase in the piers located closer to the surface rupture from the Izmit/Kocaeli and Düzce earthquakes. The agreement between the observed and modelled displacements decreases with the increase in the distance from the fault line. Since, near the fault trace the horizontal displacement field is discontinuous and large inelastic deformation is expected, the behaviour of the part of the structure located near the fault line cannot be Correspondence to: M. Acar (acarmusta@gmail.com) easily reproduced by FEM simulations. This is because the applied model loads derived from the source acceleration spectra cannot be included in the localized finite deformation effects. In order to obtain an improved engineering analysis, it is necessary to utilise more parameters in the numerical analysis.

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Analysis of bridge structures crossing strike‐slip fault rupture zones: A simple method for generating across‐fault seismic ground motions

Yang

Mavroeidis

Ucak

2020

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Summary This article presents a simple and effective method for generating across‐fault seismic ground motions for the analysis of ordinary and seismically isolated bridges crossing strike‐slip faults. Based on pulse models available in the literature, two simple loading functions are first proposed to represent the coherent (long‐period) components of ground motion across strike‐slip faults. The loading functions are then calibrated using actual near‐fault ground‐motion records with a forward‐directivity velocity pulse in the fault‐normal direction and a fling‐step displacement in the fault‐parallel direction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing time history responses and seismic demands of ordinary and seismically isolated bridges obtained from nonlinear response history analyses using the actual ground‐motion records and the calibrated loading functions. A comprehensive methodology is also presented for selecting the input parameters of the loading functions based on empirical equations and practical guidelines. Finally, an analysis procedure for bridge structures crossing strike‐slip faults is introduced based on the proposed method for generating across‐fault ground motions and the parameter selection methodology for the loading functions.

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Simulation of the seismic performance of the Bolu Viaduct subjected to near‐fault ground motions

Cited by 101 publications

References 6 publications

Seismic Response of the Three‐Span Bridge with Innovative Materials Including Fault‐Rupture Effect

Seismic Response of the Three‐Span Bridge with Innovative Materials Including Fault‐Rupture Effect

Investigation of post-earthquake displacements in viaducts using Geodetic and Finite Element Methods

Analysis of bridge structures crossing strike‐slip fault rupture zones: A simple method for generating across‐fault seismic ground motions

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