Simulation of the reacting flow within a pilot scale calciner by means of a three phase TFM model

CFD Simulation of Mixing and Segregation of Binary Solid Mixtures in a Dense Fluidized Bed

“…When more than one solid phase are calculated, the solid phase stress for one solid phase is influenced by the presence of other solid phases . At present, there are three main ways to simulate binary particle mixtures in the Eulerian framework: 1) the binary particles are treated as two solid phases and each solid phase uses the KTGF for monosized particles to calculate the solid phase stress, with the influence of other solid phases considered in the radial distribution function; 2) the binary particles are treated as two solid phases but the KTGF‐based closures are modified to consider the polydispersity; and 3) the binary particles are treated as one solid phase but the KTGF used in the simulation considers the influence of polydispersity . The first approach is often used in the simulation of binary systems due to its relatively high computational stability .…”

Experimental and CPFD study of gas–solid flow in a cold pilot calciner

“…in calciners. The studied pilot scale calciners (see [13,14] for riser calciners and [15] for bubbling fluidised bed calciner) are typically part of other p rocess systems (e.g. calcium looping process) and the calciner operational condition is different from that of an ILC in a cement plant.…”

“…Only a few of these studies have compared the simulation results with experimental data [6,7,31] and the comparisons were carried out only to a limited extent. For reactive calciner studies, the EL method is used more frequently [4,8,9,[32][33][34][35][36] than the EE method [13]. To the authors' best knowledge, only conventional EE and EL methods have been applied to study cement calciners and application of the MP-PIC method has not been explored.…”

“…A recently established method aiming to overcome this drawback is the Energy-Minimization-Multi-Scale (EMMS) approach [39]. However, the use of EMMS approach in CFD simulations of calciners (see [13]) is still limited and further exploration of applying the EMMS drag models to simulate…”

“…In Eqs (12). and(13), p n and p m are the number of real particles in each particle cloud and the mass of each particle, respectively. V  is the cell volume, and…”