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It is thus concluded that theimplementation of this model is an effective approach for overcoming the need of a pre-defined dynamic contact angle law, frequently adopted as an approximate boundary condition for such simulations. Clearly, this model is mostly influential during the spreading phase for the cases of low We number impacts (We<˜80) since for high impact velocities, inertia dominates significantly over capillary forces in the initial phase of spreading.

Smart and sustainable cities are expected to form a cornerstone for achieving resource efficiency and sustainability worldwide. In this specific study we introduce a holistic framework for determining a repository of key performance indicators (KPIs) that are able to evaluate both business-as-usual and novel technologies and services related to smart city solutions. The framework includes six steps: (a) Clustering of the technology/service solutions into groups called Transition Tracks; (b) definition of the main groups of stakeholders; (c) definition of KPIs dimensions (or domains); (d) definition of KPIs repository per dimension; (e) definition of the scope of evaluation per KPI; and (f) threshold definition per KPI. The implementation of the proposed framework led to the development of a repository of 75 KPIs categorized in six dimensions (technical, environmental, economic, social, ICT and legal KPIs) with the corresponding levels of assessment and stakeholders’ group of interest. The proposed repository can serve as a great basis for similar projects to monitor and evaluate the performance of their solutions. Tips and guidance based on the actual implementation and lessons learned from a smart city project are provided.

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