Simulation of road traffic conflicts at T-junctions

Abstract

This paper describes an event-stepping (discrete- event) simulation model of a nonurban T-junction. The model is intended for investigating the risk of traffic accidents at such junctions, using a version of the traffic-conflict technique. The model uses empirical data and predicts the number and severity of conflicts as a function of various traffic and behavioural parameters. Some applications of the model are outlined. The traffic-handling capacity of the junction and delays at it are not considered.

Comparação entre indicadores proxy sintéticos de segurança viária e acidentes de trânsito

“…Deste modo, medidas de segurança com base na taxa necessária de redução de velocidade ou energia de frenagem dos veículos têm uma formulação teórica mais adequada para fornecer boas estimativas de potenciais conflitos, além disso, propiciam a produção de uma plataforma de estudos de segurança em que a gravidade é um fator importante. Duas SPM com base na energia de frenagem de veículos em conflito são: taxa de desaceleração para evitar a colisão (DRAC -Deceleration Rate to Avoid the Crash) e a proporção de distância de frenagem (PSD -proportion of stopping distance) (Brian et al, 1978;Archer, 2005;Cooper e Ferguson, 1976;Darzentas et al, 1980;Gettman e Head, 2003).…”

“…Nas duas últimas décadas o uso das técnicas de simulação de tráfego tem sido essencialmente explorado no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias voltadas para a otimização do desempenho operacional de elementos da infraestrutura dos sistemas de transportes, tais como: interseções semaforizadas, corredores de tráfego e redes urbanas. No campo da segurança viária, o potencial da simulação microscópica na análise de conflitos de tráfego foi inicialmente reconhecido por Darzentas et al (1980) e ganhou o interesse, principal-1 Janailson Queiroz Sousa, Departamento de Engenharia de Transportes, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. (e-mail: janailson@ det.ufc.br).…”

The current state of medical simulation in interventional cardiology: A clinical document from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention's (SCAI) Simulation Committee

“…Currently many non‐medical professions require simulation as part of routine training or maintenance of competency and annual skills training . Studies in non‐medical fields have shown that high‐fidelity simulations are effective teaching tools and enable repetitive practice of tasks in a range of conditions, and can improve learner success and satisfaction along with task safety . Over the past decade, multiple high‐fidelity medical simulators have been developed to address the numerous challenges of 21st century medicine which include the rapid expansion of new techniques, work hour restrictions and a demand by numerous regulatory bodies for the expansion of simulation in medicine.…”

Calibration and validation of simulated vehicle safety performance at signalized intersections

“…The potential application of microscopic traffic simulation models for safety assessment was initially investigated in the late seventies by Cooper and Ferguson (1976) and Darzentas et al (1980). The basic premise behind these applications is that lack of safety can be expressed through a safety performance function or measure established from speed and spacing profiles experienced by individual vehicles in real time.…”