Simulation of household evacuation in the 2014 Ludian earthquake

Xiao, Mei-Ling; Yang, Chen; Yan, Ming-Jiao; Liao-yuan, YE; Liu, Benyu

doi:10.1007/s10518-016-9887-6

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Then, the damage to the non-structural elements and the systems can be predicted by using fragility functions, which are relationships between the probability of failure of a non-structural element and the damage to the structural elements. This approach has already been used to predict the impact of an earthquake on building evacuation using different evacuation simulation approaches [53,54]. The main limitation of the quantitative approach is that it requires advanced calculations as well as many pieces of information such as the structural and non-structural building components, earthquake location and magnitude, ground motion conditions, etc.…”

Section: Damage Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototyping virtual reality serious games for building earthquake preparedness: The Auckland City Hospital case study

Lovreglio

González

Feng

et al. 2018

Advanced Engineering Informatics

154

100

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Enhancing evacuee safety is a key factor in reducing the number of injuries and deaths that result from earthquakes. One way this can be achieved is by training occupants. Virtual Reality (VR) and Serious Games (SGs), represent novel techniques that may overcome the limitations of traditional training approaches. VR and SGs have been examined in the fire emergency context; however, their application to earthquake preparedness has not yet been extensively examined. We provide a theoretical discussion of the advantages and limitations of using VR SGs to investigate how building occupants behave during earthquake evacuations and to train building occupants to cope with such emergencies. We explore key design components for developing a VR SG framework: (a) what features constitute an earthquake event; (b) which building types can be selected and represented within the VR environment; (c) how damage to the building can be determined and represented; (d) how non-player characters (NPC) can be designed; and (e) what level of interaction there can be between NPC and the human participants. We illustrate the above by presenting the Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand as a case study, and propose a possible VR SG training tool to enhance earthquake preparedness in public buildings.

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Section: Damage Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototyping virtual reality serious games for building earthquake preparedness: The Auckland City Hospital case study

Lovreglio

González

Feng

et al. 2018

Advanced Engineering Informatics

154

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to the characteristics of buildings such as floors, materials and electrical equipment, evacuations within buildings are more complex than the outside, particularly in high-rise buildings [41]. The human behaviors in buildings is one of the key factors affecting the evacuation time [42].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-evacuation Time Estimation Based Emergency Evacuation Simulation in Urban Residential Communities

Chen

Wen

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The timely and secure evacuation of an urban residential community is crucial to residents’ safety when emergency events happen. This is different to evacuation of office spaces or schools, emergency evacuation in residential communities must consider the pre-evacuation time. The importance of estimating evacuation time components has been recognized for approximately 40 years. However, pre-evacuation time is rarely discussed in previous community-scale emergency evacuation studies. This paper proposes a new method that estimates the pre-evacuation time, which makes the evacuation simulation in urban residential communities more realistic. This method integrates the residents’ pre-evacuation behavior data obtained by surveys to explore the influencing factors of pre-evacuation time and builds a predictive model to forecast pre-evacuation times based on the Random Forest algorithm. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to find the critical parameters in evacuation simulations. The results of evacuation simulations in different scenarios can be compared to identify potential evacuation problems. A case study in Luoshanqicun Community, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China, was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The simulation results showed that the pre-evacuation times have significant impacts on the simulation procedure, including the total evacuation time, the congestion time and the congestion degree. This study can help to gain a deeper understanding of residents’ behaviors under emergencies and improve emergency managements of urban communities.

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“…Besides the evacuation time of the first and last person to evacuate a building, we assume herein that the evacuation curve of a building (i.e., the number of people that have evacuated as a function of time) has the shape of a beta distribution's cumulative distribution function. This curve was selected because of its geometric similarity to evacuation curve shapes of building evacuations presented in previous works (e.g., Li et al 2015, Liu et al 2015, Xiao et al 2016, Poulos et al 2017). Thus the number of people that have evacuated a building in time t is as follows: where N T is the total number of people originally in the building, and …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the earthquake that precedes a tsunami may cause significant physical damage on buildings and infrastructure, and the debris generated may reduce the cross section of the evacuation routes. This effect has been studied previously in the context of falling contents of single buildings (e.g., Li et al 2015, Liu et al 2016, Xiao et al 2016, Poulos et al 2017). However, the effect of debris on city-scale evacuations that are due to tsunamis has not been studied previously, although similar studies exist for other types of hazards, such as fires following earthquakes (e.g., Nishino et al 2013, Osaragi et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Modeling the Impact of Earthquake-Induced Debris on Tsunami Evacuation Times of Coastal Cities

et al. 2019

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Tsunami alerts following severe earthquakes usually affect large geographical regions and require people to evacuate to higher safety zones. However, evacuation routes may be hindered by building debris and vehicles, thus leading to longer evacuation times and an increased risk of loss of life. Herein, we apply an agent-based model to study the evacuation situation of the coastal city of Iquique, north Chile, where most of the population is exposed to inundation from an incoming tsunami. The study evaluates different earthquake scenarios characterized by different ground motion intensities in terms of the evacuation process within a predefined inundation zone. Evacuating agents consider the microscale interactions with cars and other people using a collision avoidance algorithm. Results for the no ground shaking scenario are compared for validation with those of a real evacuation drill done in 2013 for the entire city. Finally, a parametric analysis is performed with ten different levels of ground motion intensity, showing that evacuation times for 95% of the population increase in 2.5 min on average when considering the effect of building debris.

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Simulation of household evacuation in the 2014 Ludian earthquake

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Prototyping virtual reality serious games for building earthquake preparedness: The Auckland City Hospital case study

Prototyping virtual reality serious games for building earthquake preparedness: The Auckland City Hospital case study

Pre-evacuation Time Estimation Based Emergency Evacuation Simulation in Urban Residential Communities

Modeling the Impact of Earthquake-Induced Debris on Tsunami Evacuation Times of Coastal Cities

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