Simulation of high-speed interconnects

Abstract

With the rapid developments in very large-scale integration (VLSI) technology, design and computer-aided design (CAD) techniques, at both the chip and package level, the operating frequencies are fast reaching the vicinity of gigahertz and switching times are getting to the subnanosecond levels. The ever increasing quest for high-speed applications is placing higher demands on interconnect performance and highlighted the previously negligible effects of interconnects, such as ringing, signal delay, distortion, reflections, and crosstalk. In this review paper, various high-speed interconnect effects are briefly discussed. In addition, recent advances in transmission line macromodeling techniques are presented. Also, simulation of high-speed interconnects using model-reduction-based algorithms is discussed in detail.

Somea posteriorierror bounds for reduced-order modelling of (non-)parametrized linear systems

“…Therefore proper selection of multiple expansion points is important. Previous studies on multiple-point expansion are found in [1,12,13,20,26,29]. In [26], the expansion points are chosen such that the reduced-order model is locally optimal.…”

“…In [26], the expansion points are chosen such that the reduced-order model is locally optimal. A binary search is used in [1,12,20] for adaptive, but heuristic selection of the expansion points. In Section 7.2, we readdress the problem of selecting multiple expansion points by using the global a posteriori error bounds proposed in Section 3 and Section 4.…”

A Novel and Efficient Approach for RC Delay Evaluation of On-chip VLSI Interconnect under Current Mode Signaling Technique

“…Moment-Matching Methods [6][7] can be used to derive a first-order network with effective lumped element parameters for voltage and current mode signaling. It is well understood that a lumped, linear, time-invariant circuit such as that of a generalized distributed RC line shown in Figure 1, can be conveniently expressed in terms of state equations by using the modified nodal admittance matrix (MNA) representation [8] [9].…”

“…Thus the distributed transmission line can be effectively modeled by the lumped element resistance and capacitance given in (7)(8). The generalized effective lumped element model is shown in Figure 1(b).…”

Moment computations of nonuniform distributed coupled RLC trees with applications to estimating crosstalk noise

“…For practical designs, the nonuniform interconnects are often used to optimize the circuit performance. Many researches have focused on establishing distributed line models for simulations [1,2,3,5,6,10,11,13]. However, it seems that no suitable model of nonuniform distributed lines has been developed for efficiently analyzing noises.…”