Simulation of a Fluidized Bed Dryer for the Drying of Sago Waste

Rosli, Masli Irwan; Nasir, Abdul Mu im Abdul; Takriff, Mohd Sobri; Chern, Lee Pei

doi:10.3390/en11092383

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The main component of sago pulp is starch which varies between 30 and 73% of the dry weight (Adeni, 2013;Lai et al, 2013;Muhsafaat 2015). This sago pulp waste is not yet well utilized and could cause environmental issues if it is simply discarded (Tiro et al, 2018;Rosli, 2018;Amos 2010). In addition to its abundance as a secondary product of the sago flour processing industry, sago pulp is also a natural organic material which contains a low ash content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of fermented sago pulp as a source of carbohydrate in feed for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Sumiana

Ekasari

Jusadi

et al. 2020

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia

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This study aimed to evaluate sago pulp fermentation method and its effect on crude fiber content, digestibility, and utilization of sago pulp as a feed raw material for Nile tilapia. Fermentation was done using three different fermenters, i.e. yeast tapai and baker’s yeast with five doses of 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 50 g/kg,70 g/kg,100 g/kg, respectively, and sheep rumen liquid with five doses of 100 mL/kg, 200 mL/kg, 300 mL/kg, 500 mL/kg and 1000 mL/kg. The incubation time was 0, 24, 72, and 96 hours. In the digestibility test, tilapia (25 g) was stocked at a density of 7 fish/aquarium. Three different diets were applied in quadruplicate, i.e. reference diet (100% reference diet), unfermented sago pulp (AS), and fermented sago pulp (ASF). Three different dietary treatments (in quadruplicate) containing different carbohydrate sources were tested, i.e. cassava flour as a comparion (G), unfermented sago pulp (AS), and fermented sago pulp (ASF). Fermentation of sago pulp with tapai yeast at a dose of 50 g/kg at 72 hours incubation time could reduce crude fiber by 35.76%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by 32.68%, and hemicellulose by 60.39%. Fermentation with yeast tapai could significantly increase sago pulp dry matter digestibility by 34% and carbohydrate digestibility by 21%, as well as increase glucose absorption. The growth experiment showed that the use of ASF diets resulted in higher specific growth rate (3.31 ± 0.12%/ day), protein retention (47.34 ± 5.23%) and fat retention (85.58 ± 5.44%) than those of AS dietary. In conclusion, fermentation of sago pulp using yeast tapai at a dose of 50 g/kg at 72 hours incubation could reduce crude fiber content and increase dry matter and carbohydrate digestibilities, so that it can be used as a source of carbohydrates in tilapia diet. Keywords : carbohydrate, digestibility, fermentation, fiber, Nile tilapia, sago pulp ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi metode fermentasi ampas sagu dan pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan serat kasar, kecernaan, dan pemanfaatan ampas sagu sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan nila. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan penambahan tiga perlakuan bahan fermentor yaitu ragi tape dan ragi roti ditambahkan dengan dosis masing-masing sebanyak 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 50 g/kg, 70 g/kg, 100 g/kg, dan cairan rumen domba yang ditambahkan dengan dosis 100 mL/kg, 200 mL/kg, 300 mL/kg, 500 mL/kg, dan 1000 mL/kg. Lama waktu inkubasi 0, 24, 72, dan 96 jam. Pada uji kecernaan digunakan ikan nila (25 g) yang dipelihara dengan kepadatan tujuh ekor per akuarium. Pada uji ini dilakukan tiga perlakuan pakan dengan empat ulangan, yaitu pakan acuan, ampas sagu tanpa fermentasi (AS), dan ampas sagu fermentasi (ASF). Percobaan dilakukan dengan tiga perlakuan pakan (4 ulangan) dengan tiga sumber karbohidrat yang berbeda yaitu gaplek (G) sebagai pembanding, ampas sagu (AS), dan ampas sagu fermentasi (ASF). Fermentasi ampas sagu dengan menggunakan ragi tape sebanyak 50 g/kg dengan lama inkubasi 72 jam dapat menurunkan serat kasar tertinggi sebanyak 35.76%, dan menurunkan fraksi serat neutral detergent fiber (NDF) dan hemisellulosa masing-masing sebanyak 32.68% dan 60.39%. Perlakuan fermentasi ampas sagu dapat meningkatkan nilai kecernaan bahan sebesar 34%, kecernaan karbohidrat sebesar 21%, serta penyerapan glukosa. Hasil uji pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ASF memberikan nilai laju pertumbuhan spesifik (3.31 ± 0.12%/hari), retensi protein (47.34 ± 5.23%) dan retensi lemak (85.58 ± 5.44%) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan AS (P<0.05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa fermentasi ampas sagu dengan menggunakan ragi tape pada dosis 50 g/kg selama 72 jam dapat menurunkan kadar serat kasar dan meningkatkan kecernaan bahan dan karbohidrat sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber karbohidrat pada pakan ikan nila. Kata kunci : ampas sagu, fermentasi, ikan nila, karbohidrat, kecernaan, serat

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of fermented sago pulp as a source of carbohydrate in feed for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Sumiana

Ekasari

Jusadi

et al. 2020

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia

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“…Drying is a well-known method of suppressing bacterial and fungal development in various industries, particularly food. This contributes to preserving product quality characteristics such as colour, texture, and residual polyphenol content [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of cement bricks containing sago fine waste (SFW) with different water-cement ratio

Norhayati,

Suraya Hani,

Abdul Hadi Izaan

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Cement is a key material in the construction industry. However, this widespread use adversely affects the environment. The replacement of cement with waste materials, mainly agricultural wastes, can reduce the impact of environmental pollution and result in sustainable construction. Sago fine waste (SFW) is a fibrous residue from waste from sago milling operations where physical treatment has been made. This study used SFW as a partial cement replacement material in cement brick and the effect of adding SFW to cement brick properties. Brick samples are designed with five different percentages of 2,4,6,8, and 10% of cement replacement, including control cement brick. The mortar mix is based on a ratio of 1:3, which follows Malaysian brick production standards. For compressive strength, density, and water absorption tests, all the specimens were cured for 7 and 28 days. The strength of cement bricks was investigated based on the difference of two water-cement ratios: 0.5 and 0.6. The brick properties investigated in this study are density, water absorption and compressive strength. The experimental results show that the brick’s density, compressive strength, and water absorption decreased as the replacement percentage increased. However, it still meets the requirements of the standard for load-bearing structures. Analysis of this study is according to extensive data collection, the ideal composition for SFW in cement brick was 2% and 0.6 water-cement ratios. This demonstrates SFW’s promise as a novel pozzolanic material for producing more sustainable bricks. As a result, SFW as a cement replacement material could improve bricks’ physical and mechanical properties as curing time increases.

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“…The sago waste is divided into two forms, namely sago solid waste (sago hampas) and sago wastewater. Currently, sago hampas has not been utilized properly and has become an environmental problem because it is disposed of as waste [19,20]. The high amount of sago waste produced so far has not been used optimally, because it is only allowed to accumulate in the sago processing site, even then it becomes a source of environmental pollution [3].…”

Section: Nutrient Contents Of Sago Hampasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of sago hampas for ruminants feed

et al. 2021

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Indonesia has the biggest sago palm forest and cultivation as well as its rich of genetic diversities. Sago planting area in Indonesia has a land area more than 5.5 million hectare (85% of world’s sago land area). Currently, the use of sago only focuses on the starch contained in it. Sago hampas is starchy lignocellulosic by-product generated from pith of sago palm after starch extraction. Sago hampas in Indonesia is very abundant, cheaply and not used optimally. Due to its fiber and starch content, sago hampas could be utilized as animal feed especially for ruminants. Sago hampas are limited in their use in making ruminants feed, because it has a high crude fiber and low protein content. Therefore, before the sago hampas is given as ruminant feed, the quality of sago hampas needs to be improve by processing technology. One method of processing sago hampas that can be applied is fermentation. The present study showed that of the utilization of sago hampas had a positive effect on ruminants performance. This review aims to examine the potential of sago hampas as basal feed ruminant as well as efforts to improve their nutritional value.

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Simulation of a Fluidized Bed Dryer for the Drying of Sago Waste

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Utilization of fermented sago pulp as a source of carbohydrate in feed for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Utilization of fermented sago pulp as a source of carbohydrate in feed for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Properties of cement bricks containing sago fine waste (SFW) with different water-cement ratio

Potential of sago hampas for ruminants feed

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