Simulating the opto-thermal processes involved in laser induced self-assembly of surface and sub-surface plasmonic nano-structuring

Bellas, Dimitris V.; Toliopoulos, Dimosthenis; Kalfagiannis, N.; Siozios, A; Nikolaou, Panagiota; Kelires, P. C.; Koutsogeorgis, Demosthenes C.; Patsalas, P.; Lidorikis, Elefterios

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2016.12.046

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…We use ℎ = 1 nm. The effective refractive index 𝑛 ̃ of each slice is calculated via the FDTD method using representative cells [8], allowing the construction of an effective 1D stratified model shown in Figure 1c, which can then be straightforwardly solved by the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) [14]. For N material layers, the final transfer matrix 𝐌 is defined as the reverse order product:…”

Section: Methodology and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlocal Effective Medium (NLEM) for Quantitative Modelling of Nanoroughness in Spectroscopic Reflectance

et al. 2022

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Spectroscopic reflectance is a versatile optical methodology for the characterization of transparent and semi-transparent thin films in terms of thickness and refractive index. The Fresnel equations are used to interpret the measurements, but their accuracy is limited when surface roughness is present. Nanoroughness can be modelled through a discretized multi-slice and effective medium approach, but to date, this offered mostly qualitative and not quantitative accuracy. Here we introduce an adaptive and nonlocal effective medium approach, which considers the relative size and environment of each discretized slice. We develop our model using finite-difference time-domain simulation results and demonstrate its ability to predict nanoroughness size and shape with relative errors < 3% in a variety of test systems. The accuracy of the model is directly compared to the prediction capabilities of the Bruggeman and Maxwell–Garnett models, highlighting its superiority. Our model is fully parametrized and ready to use for exploring the effects of roughness on reflectance without the need for costly 3D simulations and to be integrated into the Fresnel simulator of spectroscopic reflectance tools.

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Section: Methodology and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlocal Effective Medium (NLEM) for Quantitative Modelling of Nanoroughness in Spectroscopic Reflectance

et al. 2022

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“…Finally, regarding radiation and convection losses from the top surface, they are of no consequence and in‐depth discussions and analyses of such phenomena have been reported elsewhere . A final note is that the 1D heat diffusion suffices to describe the temperature gradient in the case of thin films and substrates with high thermal conductivity.…”

Section: Laser Annealingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Room temperature offers the least complications (experimentally), but elevated or reduced temperatures may offer benefits by slowing down or speeding up, respectively, the cooling of the sample immediately after the annealing has occurred. Crucially one of the defining factors of any annealing process is the cooling rate, with the maximum temperature reached and the time it is sustained (dwell time) being also of importance; the role of the substrate is essential for the cooling rate Pressure : The pressure at which the sample is kept during LA.…”

Section: Laser Annealingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amongst the demonstrated photonic processing methodologies, LA has been proven to be simple and versatile, providing freedom of design, fast processing while offering compatibility with large scale manufacturing and inexpensive flexible substrates (Figure c) . In LA, the monochromatic intense light beam is utilized in order to induce localized heating (in space as low as a few micrometers, and in time of the order of a few ns) enabling control over the composition and properties of the metal oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress in Photonic Processing of Metal‐Oxide Transistors

Yarali

Koutsiaki

Faber

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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(1 of 37)high mobility (µ) (even in amorphous phase), wide bandgap (transparent in the visible range), and the ability to be controllably doped. Importantly, they can be grown into thin films and various nanostructures with different scalable deposition techniques, including vacuum-based methods such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) [7,8] and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [9] as well as solution-based processes such as spray [10] and spin coating. [11] Moreover, the resulting layers can be easily patterned using standard fabrication procedures and as such can be integrated into state-of-the-art processes for (opto)electronic applications. The above-mentioned capabilities have led to a plethora of applications such as switching backplanes for displays, transparent and flexible electronics, integrated circuits (ICs), photovoltaics (PVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), capacitors, batteries, photocatalytic devices, electrochromics and memory devices, to name but a few. [8,[12][13][14] Because of their ability to be doped, their electronic properties can be tuned from dielectrics to semiconductors and conductors. This characteristic versatility has recently been exploited to stretch the range of their applications to new technological sectors, such as plasmonics in the near infrared and midinfrared spectral ranges. [12,15] One of the driving applications of metal oxides is in thinfilm transistors (TFTs) for large area electronics such as current driven optical displays and ICs. Following the early demonstrations, [16] most effort focused on the fabrication and processing of metal oxides TFTs paying particular attention to the device performance and applications. [1,5,6,17] Especially when processed over large areas, as in the case for display applications, the complexity to precisely control the device reliability and reproducibility becomes a challenging aspect of any TFT technology. To that respect, solution-based techniques progressed rapidly due to their lower cost and higher throughput compared to vacuum-based techniques. In both cases, the metal-oxide deposition has so far been limited to high processing temperatures (>250 °C) (Figure 1a) which renders the technology incompatible with inexpensive, temperature-sensitive substrates such as polymers, the material class of choice for various high throughput manufacturing techniques such as roll-to-roll (R2R) and sheet-to-sheet (S2S)Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the field of photonic processing of electronic materials using a variety of light sources. Several of these technologies have now been exploited in conjunction with emerging electronic materials as alternatives to conventional hightemperature thermal annealing, offering rapid manufacturing times and compatibility with temperature-sensitive substrate materials among other potential advantages. Herein, recent advances in photonic processing paradigms of metal-oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) are presented with particular emphasis on the use of various light sour...

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“…Laser annealing, on the other hand, is found to be a very fast, non-contact, and cost-effective technique to fabricate metallic nanostructures with intense plasmonic responses (15,16). Mainly, there are two possible mechanisms of surface annealing using lasers; the first is by utilizing UV lasers (17,18) and the second is by mid-infrared lasers (19). The energy from the former lasers is normally gets absorbed by the metal film itself leading to rising its temperature beyond the melting point and forming the liquid phase dewetting into isolated islands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Annealing of Gold Thin Films as a Platform for Plasmonic Sensing Applications

2022

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The future of the plasmonic devices is heavily challenged by the nanoconstruction schemes of metals which often require rather fast, low-cost, and high-throughput fabrication techniques. Laser annealing is considered to be an unrivaled tool for surface manipulation of thin metallic films, especially with functional plasmonic devices of pre-determined morphology. Herein, a commercial CW CO2 laser, wavelength of 10.6 µm and optimum power of 15W, has been used for surface reconstruction of thin Au films, with an initial film thickness of 15 nm (±3 nm) sputtered on quartz substrates, as plasmonic sensing platforms. The effect of two main laser parameters on the Au film morphology have been explored namely power density and scanning speed. Thermal annealing of Au nanostructured films by the electrical furnace is also been studied. UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy characterization measurements is utilized to monitor the the plasmonic induced optical absorption changes with different experimental conditions. Surface annealed Au nanofilms were then used as a plasmonic sensing substrate to detect the size and density variation of Ag NPs, fabricated by pulsed Nd: YAG laser ablation, ith pulse duration of 7 nsec, in DI water with a wavelength of 1064 nm and different laser energies, imbedded in a solution-processed thin dielectric material (CeO2 NPs) to form a composite film. Our plasmonic sensing structure shows a remarkable detection to variable concentrations of Ag NPs reflected by a significant red-shift in the plasmonic resonance absorption of Au nanostructures with laser ablation energy at a fixed number of pulses of 50 (1Hz).

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Simulating the opto-thermal processes involved in laser induced self-assembly of surface and sub-surface plasmonic nano-structuring

Cited by 7 publications

References 86 publications

Nonlocal Effective Medium (NLEM) for Quantitative Modelling of Nanoroughness in Spectroscopic Reflectance

Nonlocal Effective Medium (NLEM) for Quantitative Modelling of Nanoroughness in Spectroscopic Reflectance

Recent Progress in Photonic Processing of Metal‐Oxide Transistors

Laser Annealing of Gold Thin Films as a Platform for Plasmonic Sensing Applications

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