Simpson’s paradox in proof-of-concept studies

Janket, Sok-Ja; Ackerson, Leland K.; Diamandis, Eleftherios P.

doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0624-y

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The Simpson effect cannot be excluded in the evaluation of corticosteroids, because the patients treated with corticosteroids had significantly more severe condition and were hospitalized at different stages of the disease. 10 , 49 However, caution is essential, especially in the acute phase of the disease or when there is no inflammatory syndrome during which the effect may be harmful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of 2111 COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin and Other Regimens in Marseille, France, 2020: A Monocentric Retrospective Analysis

Lagier¹,

Million²,

Cortaredona³

et al. 2022

TCRM

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of 2111 COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin and Other Regimens in Marseille, France, 2020: A Monocentric Retrospective Analysis

Lagier¹,

Million²,

Cortaredona³

et al. 2022

TCRM

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“…Simpson’s Paradox could explain this phenomenon. 25 In this study, data comparison among different groups was preferred as allergen sensitization was greatly influenced by gender and age. Thus, the positive rates of egg white were not significantly different before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in Indoor Inhalant Allergen Sensitivity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in South China: A Cross-Sectional Study from 2017 to 2020

Li¹,

Hu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

JAA

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Purpose Public health measures during COVID-19 have led to an unprecedented change in social lifestyle which might have an impact on the allergen sensitization in population. We sought to explore the prevalence patterns of serum inhalant and food allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) sensitization and serum total immunoglobulin E (tIgE) level among patients with clinical symptoms of suspected allergic diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in south China. Patients and Methods A large epidemiology study was conducted on the prevalence patterns of sIgE sensitization and serum tIgE level among 13,715 patients with allergic symptoms in south China from 2017 to 2020. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to test statistical significance of allergen sensitization difference among years. Logistic regression was performed to assess the magnitudes of the differences among years by adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results The number of hospital visits for patients with suspected allergy symptoms decreased during COVID-19. The positive rates of indoor inhalant allergens (house dust mites, German cockroach, dog dander) and tIgE increased significantly in 2020, while no significant differences were found in food allergens (egg white, milk, soya bean, shrimp) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The odds of sIgE positives in indoor inhalant allergens and tIgE positive for 2017 and 2020 were all larger than 1.00. After grouping by age and gender, there were significant differences in the positive rates of indoor inhalant allergens and tIgE when comparing 2020 with 2017. Conclusion The prevalence of sensitization increased significantly to indoor inhalant allergens but not to food allergens in south China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…Simpson's paradox occurs when a third factor confounds the association of interest, generating ostensibly opposing results, as we have previously reported. 7 In our opinion, these microorganisms proliferate in a specific dietary and lifestyle milieu and, thus, they are likely epiphenomena for a lifestyle.…”

Section: Do Prevotella Copri and Blastocystis Promote Euglycaemia?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Do Prevotella copri and Blastocystis promote euglycaemia?

Janket¹,

Conte

Diamandis

2021

The Lancet Microbe

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Simpson’s paradox in proof-of-concept studies

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Outcomes of 2111 COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin and Other Regimens in Marseille, France, 2020: A Monocentric Retrospective Analysis

Outcomes of 2111 COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin and Other Regimens in Marseille, France, 2020: A Monocentric Retrospective Analysis

Increase in Indoor Inhalant Allergen Sensitivity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in South China: A Cross-Sectional Study from 2017 to 2020

Do Prevotella copri and Blastocystis promote euglycaemia?

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