Do Prevotella copri and Blastocystis promote euglycaemia?

Janket, Sok-Ja; Conte, Harry A.; Diamandis, Eleftherios P.

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00215-9

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Enrichment of Prevotella copri is predictive for Western individuals responding favorably to a high-fiber, barley-kernel-based diet ( 42 ). These studies ( 41 , 42 ) indicated the influence of diet on the abundance and contrasting effect of Prevotella copri . Further mechanism study of Prevotella copri in relation to T1D is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, another study results demonstrated that Prevotella copri is an indicator of good postprandial glucose metabolism ( 38 ), and the glucose metabolism improvement induced by plant diet is linked to the increased Prevotella copri ( 39 , 40 ). Nevertheless, Eleftherios P Diamandis held that Prevotella copri proliferate in a specific dietary and lifestyle milieu are epiphenomena for a lifestyle ( 41 ). Enrichment of Prevotella copri is predictive for Western individuals responding favorably to a high-fiber, barley-kernel-based diet ( 42 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-risk genotypes for type 1 diabetes are associated with the imbalance of gut microbiome and serum metabolites

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe profile of gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and lipids of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes remains unknown. We aimed to explore gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and lipids signatures in individuals with T1D typed by HLA genotypes.MethodsWe did a cross-sectional study that included 73 T1D adult patients. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the HLA haplotypes they carried: those with any two of three susceptibility haplotypes (DR3, DR4, DR9) and without any of the protective haplotypes (DR8, DR11, DR12, DR15, DR16) were defined as high-risk HLA genotypes group (HR, n=30); those with just one or without susceptibility haplotypes as the non-high-risk HLA genotypes group (NHR, n=43). We characterized the gut microbiome profile with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and analyzed serum metabolites with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsStudy individuals were 32.5 (8.18) years old, and 60.3% were female. Compared to NHR, the gut microbiota of HR patients were characterized by elevated abundances of Prevotella copri and lowered abundances of Parabacteroides distasonis. Differential serum metabolites (hypoxanthine, inosine, and guanine) which increased in HR were involved in purine metabolism. Different lipids, phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, decreased in HR group. Notably, Parabacteroides distasonis was negatively associated (p ≤ 0.01) with hypoxanthine involved in purine metabolic pathways.ConclusionsThe present findings enabled a better understanding of the changes in gut microbiome and serum metabolome in T1D patients with HLA risk genotypes. Alterations of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites may provide some information for distinguishing T1D patients with different HLA risk genotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-risk genotypes for type 1 diabetes are associated with the imbalance of gut microbiome and serum metabolites

et al. 2022

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“…Many TACR1 antagonists bene t from depression, stress disorders, and anxiety (50)(51)(52). Given the role of the tachykinin system in various pathophysiological processes such as immune, nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital, and dermal systems and its contribution to in ammation, nociception, and cell proliferation (53)(54)(55)(56), it has been proposed to have antagonism of TACRs gives clinical bene ts in the acute diseases such as COVID19 or chronic diseases such as IBD and psoriasis, or agonism in boosting the immunity in cancer patients. The importance of stress in the gutin ammation, as reported (49), and our data on the induction of Treg-mediated tolerogenic/antiin ammatory function of the TACR1 antagonist provide a new mechanistic dimension to therapeutic bene ts in the clinic for in ammatory gut and skin diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonism of Tachykinin receptor 1 promotes Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T cells and controls gut mucosal inflammation

Lal,

Mishra,

Karmakar

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Neuroimmune communication of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in gut-associated lymphoid tissues helps to maintain the delicate balance between gut inflammation and tolerance. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide neurotransmitter produced by ENS and enteroendocrine cells, lymphocytes, gut macrophages, and brain neurons. SP binds to tachykinin receptors (TACRs, also known as neurokinin receptors). Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients are known to have altered TACRs expression and strongly correlate with the pathogenesis of these diseases. How SP-TACR interaction modulates the differentiation and function of inflammatory CD4 T cells (Th1, Th17) and regulatory CD4 T cells (Foxp3+Tregs and Th2 cells) during gut inflammation and autoimmunity is unclear. We showed that among the various subsets of CD4 T cells, splenic Foxp3+Tregs and Th17 cells had the highest expression of TACRs. Agonizing the TACR1 with SP in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice exacerbated the disease severity, which was inhibited by treatment with a TACR1-specific antagonist. TACR1 antagonist promoted the differentiation of Foxp3+ Tregs cells, and Tregs induced in the presence of TACR1 antagonist showed an increased expression of LAP1, PD-L1, CD62L, Helios, and CD73 molecules. They suppress the proliferation of effector CD4 T cells and control skin and gut inflammation. We showed that antagonizing the TACR1 signaling promotes Foxp3+ Tregs and controls skin and gut inflammation. Our data suggest that antagonizing the TACR1 provides a clinical advantage in preventing gut inflammation and colitis.

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“…4 This may provide a basis for the beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable intake in diabetes prevention as we reported previously. 5,6 Several studies claimed that the use of mouthwash can decrease NO producing bacteria and increased blood pressure, 7,8 while other studies did not find any change in blood pressure. 9,10 Blood pressure increase induced by the mouthwash use was small (2.3 mm Hg) but statistically significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral hygiene, mouthwash usage and cardiovascular mortality during 18.8 years of follow-up

Janket¹,

Lee

Surakka

et al. 2023

Br Dent J

Self Cite

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Aim(s) We tested the following hypotheses: would better oral hygiene self-care (OHS) influence cardiovascular (CVD) mortality? Will using mouthwash in addition to OHS affect CVD mortality? How does mouthwash usage impact the oral microbes? Design and methods Among 354 dentate subjects from the Kuopio Oral Health and Heart study, the association of OHS with CVD mortality was assessed using Cox regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and education. Additionally, whether using mouthwash would affect this relationship was evaluated. Results In the multivariable-adjusted models, OHS was associated with a 51% reduction in the risk of CVD mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49 [0.28-0.85]; p = 0.01). Even those who had coronary artery disease at baseline showed a marginally significant benefit (0.50 [0.24-1.06]; p = 0.07). However, mouthwash usage did not change OHS effects (HR = 0.49 [0.27-0.87]; p = 0.01), indicating no additional benefits nor detriments. All tested microbes trended to decrease with mouthwash usage in the short term, but none were statistically significant. Conclusion Good OHS significantly lowered the risk of CVD mortality relative to poor OHS. Mouthwash usage did not show any long-term harm or benefit on CVD mortality beyond the benefits rendered by brushing and flossing.

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Do Prevotella copri and Blastocystis promote euglycaemia?

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

High-risk genotypes for type 1 diabetes are associated with the imbalance of gut microbiome and serum metabolites

High-risk genotypes for type 1 diabetes are associated with the imbalance of gut microbiome and serum metabolites

Antagonism of Tachykinin receptor 1 promotes Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T cells and controls gut mucosal inflammation

Oral hygiene, mouthwash usage and cardiovascular mortality during 18.8 years of follow-up

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