Simplified detection of the hybridized DNA using a graphene field effect transistor

Abstract

Detection of disease-related gene expression by DNA hybridization is a useful diagnostic method. In this study a monolayer graphene field effect transistor (GFET) was fabricated for the detection of a particular single-stranded DNA (target DNA). The probe DNA, which is a single-stranded DNA with a complementary nucleotide sequence, was directly immobilized onto the graphene surface without any linker. The VDirac was shifted to the negative direction in the probe DNA immobilization. A further shift of VDirac in the negative direction was observed when the target DNA was applied to GFET, but no shift was observed upon the application of non-complementary mismatched DNA. Direct immobilization of double-stranded DNA onto the graphene surface also shifted the VDirac in the negative direction to the same extent as that of the shift induced by the immobilization of probe DNA and following target DNA application. These results suggest that the further shift of VDirac after application of the target DNA to the GFET was caused by the hybridization between the probe DNA and target DNA.

Transmitter and Receiver Architectures for Molecular Communications: A Survey on Physical Design With Modulation, Coding, and Detection Techniques

“…There is currently a tremendous amount of interest in building different configurations of graphene bioFETs, e.g., back-gated [176] or solution-gated [175]. Moreover, researches has shown its superior sensing performance for various analytes, e.g., antigens [177], DNA [178], bacteria [179], odorant compounds [175], and glucose [180].…”

Heterogeneous Integration of 2D Materials: Recent Advances in Fabrication and Functional Device Applications

“…[218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227] Graphene and its derivativesgraphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO)show good biocompatibility and they have been used recently in ultrasensitive detection of DNA hybridization, which is very important in disease diagnostics and biomedical applications. [228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236] Since the electrical conduction of ideal graphene with the Fermi level close to Dirac point is very sensitive to the external perturbation, its interface with DNA molecules are found to acts as a potential gating to the graphene that induces p-doping in graphene. 237 In general, practical biomolecular detection is performed in an aqueous solution, where water molecules easily affect the Fermi level of graphene moving it away from the Dirac point.…”

Silicene Quantum Capacitance Dependent Frequency Readout to a Label-free Detection of DNA Hybridization

“…Recent applications of DNA hybridization include the detection of human chromosomal aberrations, DNA fingerprinting, exposition of gene rearrangement and oncogene amplification in many tumors. Detection of diseases adhering gene expression by DNA hybridization is necessary diagnostic methods [2]. With exceptional properties, graphene was explained to be prominent among the material to be used in DNA sequences.…”