Silymarin Attenuates ELMO-1 and KIM-1 Expression and Oxidative Stress in the Kidney of Rats with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Chronic diabetes mellitus is accompanied with overexpression of ELMO1 and KIM1 and enhanced oxidative stress. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of administration of silymarin on oxidative stress markers and ELMO1 and KIM1 expression in the kidney tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Control, silymarin-treated control (60 and 120 mg/kg/day), diabetic, and silymarin-treated diabetic groups (60 and 120 mg/ kg/day). Tissue levels of oxidative stress and biochemical parameters were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Lipid peroxidation levels in the kidney tissue were measured by fluorometric method. Insulin was determined using immunoassay. Gene expression analysis was determined by qPCR technique. The level of expression of ELMO1 and KIM1 in the diabetic groups treated with silymarin was significantly reduced (P \ 0.001). Total antioxidant levels and thiol groups contents increased (P \ 0.001) dramatically in treated groups. A significant decrease in tissue levels of malondialdehyde and total oxidant were observed in the silymarin treated diabetic rats (P \ 0.001). The results showed that the urinary amount of protein in the treatment groups was significantly lower than of diabetic control (P \ 0.001). These results indicate that silymarin has a blood glucose lowering effect and, due to its antioxidant properties, increases the antioxidant parameters and reduces the oxidant markers. The administration of silymarin has beneficial effects on kidney of diabetic rats with reduction of ELMO1 and KIM1expression.

Investigation of the effects of silymarin on valproic acid-induced kidney damage in rats

“…Results; the increase in ROS levels increased tissue lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and decreased antioxidant activity (GSH) (de Avelar et al, 2017;Heidari et al, 2018;Placer et al, 1966). According to the hypothesis announced by the researchers, SLY reduces lipid peroxidation due to its antioxidant properties and increases endogenous concentrations of antioxidant enzymes such as GSH, thereby reducing nephropathy by preventing cellular damage (Goli et al, 2019;Zheng et al, 2014). In addition, SLY sweeps up the free radicals and prevents lipid peroxidation, thereby reducing the damage to the cells and fixing the cell membrane (Shereen et al, 2013).…”

“…It can directly damage cellular molecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA, and alter signal paths through the activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors. VPA treatment has been associated with oxidative stress in a number of studies in both human and animal models, particularly in the kidneys, causing serious damage to cells, necrosis and atrophy (Emekli-Alturfan et al, 2015;Goli et al, 2019;Heidari et al, 2018). VPA causes renal ROS, depletes glutathione (GSH) reservoirs, reduces tissue antioxidant capacity; thiobarbitüric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and other lipid peroxidation products increase the amount (Heidari et al, 2018).…”

“…It also has antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant properties. SLY is mainly used in the treatment of kidney injuries such as alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and drug-induced toxicity (Goli et al, 2019;Hassan et al, 2017). In this case, SLY binds to receptors in renal cell membranes and prevents toxins from binding in these regions, thereby reducing druginduced renal cellular damage (Kyriakopoulos et al, 2018).…”

Protective effect of zinc sulfate and continuous/interval training on liver oxidative stress in morphine-withdrawal syndrome in rats

“…The homogenate was resuspended in ice cold lysis buffer (10mM HEPES, 10mM KCl, 1.5mM MgCl2, 1mM EDTA, 0.2% triton X100, 0.5mM dithiothreitol, protease inhibitor cocktail, pH 7.9) and incubated on ice for 20min. The tissue homogenates were vortexes and centrifuged (14,000g; 10min; 4°C), and the supernatants were retained for analysis (Goli et al, 2019).…”

Protective effects of the traditional herbal formulation on oxidative stress, learning and memory in the animal model of type 2 diabetes

“…Recently recognized that apoptosis, neuron degeneration and oxidative stress are significantly raised in the hippocampus of animal models of DM (Seto et al, 2015). The oxidative stress imposed by reactive oxygen species plays an important role in many chronic and degenerative diseases (Ardjmand et al, 2019;Goli et al, 2019). Studies suggested that antidiabetic drugs could offer therapeutic benefits to DM-related impairment of cognitive functioning in both patients and animal models (Risner et al, 2006).…”