Investigation of the effects of silymarin on valproic acid-induced kidney damage in rats

Abstract

In this study; we aimed to investigate the protective effects of silymarin (SLY) against kidney damage on valproic acid (VPA)-induced rats using histological and biochemical evaluations. Experimental procedures were performed on 21 male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were divided randomly into three groups: group 1, control; group 2, VPA; group 3, VPA+SLY. The control group was given 1 mL 0.9 % NaCl orally for 14 days. The VPA group was given 500 mg/kg/day VPA per os for 14 days. The VPA+SLY group was given 500 mg/kg/day VPA and 100 mg/kg/day SLY per os for 14 days. SLY treatment decreased the levels of creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, increased amount of thiobarbitüric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) with VPA were significantly suppressed by SLY in kidney tissue (p < 0.05). Histologically, the extent of kidney damage was remarkably lower in the VPA+SLY group (p < 0.005). In addition, VPA+SLY group had decreased oxidative stress, increased antioxidant activity and decreased histopathological changes compared to VPA group. This study revealed that the kidney damage induced by VPA was attenuated with SLY administration. SLY can protect rat kidney against VPA induced damage via anti-oxidative effect and might be useful for reducing the severity of kidney injuries.

Evaluation of Sodium Valproate-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protective Role of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) and Silymarin in Adult Albino Rats

“…The group liver has a low degree of degradation and mild inflammation, according to histopathological testing. These findings are consistent with those of previous research [34,[40][41][42]. The preclinical studies using different hepatotoxic substances showed that SIL has multiple actions as a hepatoprotective agent.…”

Silymarin Based Complexes – a mini review

“…VPA cause oxidative stress and leads to kidney disfunction. SIL administration protects rat kidney against valproic acid induced damage via anti-oxidative effect and improves the biochemical, histological and structural changes [12]. Silymarin attenuates renal dysfunction after contrast-induced nephropathy in mice by the reduction of serum levels of urea, creatinine and cystatin C. Also SIL prevents renal oxidative stress after contrast-induced nephropathy in mice showing a dose dependent decrease in oxidative stress reducing it significantly.…”

Full Text Book of Minar Congress9

“…On the other hand, the treatment with rutin leads to an increase in the activity of (SOD) and (CAT) as a result of a decrease in lipid peroxide and an improvement in the mechanism of detoxification. Also, stress is eliminated due to the neutralization of radicals free (Aktas et al, 2017). Additionally, formaldehyde will likely reduce the activity of the enzymes (AAT) and (ALAT), which may be linked to the release of enzymes as a result of epithelial cell damage and lung cell dysfunction.…”

“…The G3 group, on the other hand, demonstrated Treatment with formaldehyde and rutin increases antioxidant levels while decreasing oxidants. There is no information available on research that indicates the influence of rutin on formaldehydeinduced lung damage, however, there are studies that illustrate the involvement of rutin in the lung in general (Yehe et al,Aktas et al, 2017;Bai et al, 2020) The research found that rutin therapy lowered the amount of MDA, which is consistent with (Sun et al, 2017), who found that rutin reduced the level of MDA in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats because rutin is an anti-peroxide agent and a powerful inhibitor and scavenger of free radicals. Rutin may also lower nitrogen oxide NO generation and preventing mitochondrial damage.…”