Silicon nanowire-transistor biosensor for study of molecule-molecule interactions

Abstract

Abstract:Monitoring the molecular recognition, binding, and disassociation between probe and target is important in medical diagnostics and drug screening, because such a wealth of information can be used to identify the pathogenic species and new therapeutic candidates. Nanoelectronic biosensors based on silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FETs) have recently attracted tremendous attention as a promising tool in the investigation of biomolecular interactions due to their capability of ultrasensitive, selective, real-time, and label-free detection. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in label-free analysis of molecule-molecule interactions using SiNWFETs, with a discussion and emphasis on small molecule-biomolecule interaction, biomolecule-biomolecule interactions (including carbohydrate-protein interaction, protein-protein or antigen-antibody binding, and nucleic acid-nucleic acid hybridization), and protein-virus interaction. Such molecular recognitions offer a basis of biosensing and the dynamics assay of biomolecular association or dissociation. Compared to the conventional technologies, SiNW-FETs hold great promise to monitor molecule-molecule interactions with higher sensitivity and selectivity. Finally, several prospects concerning the future development of SiNW-FET biosensor are discussed.

Nanowire-Based Biosensors: From Growth to Applications

“…In the design of nanowire sensors, an optimal Debye length is a major parameter to be carefully considered, and a long Debye length ensures the counterions effect small [36]. The Debye length for the nanowire sensors can be approximately calculated as λD≈0.304I−0.5, where I is the ionic strength of the solvent solution [37,38]. As in the equation, the Debye length gets increased as the ionic strength gets decreased.…”

“…Preliminary data revealed that the LOD of ssDNA detection of around 1 femtomolar level is achievable [62] (Figure 3E). In addition to the detection of individual strands of DNA, nanowires can also be utilized to detect the bonding between protein and DNA [38,69,70].…”

Design and Development of Graphene FET Biosensor for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2

“…When a negatively charged antigen, molecule is attached to the surface, the charge carrier's depletion occurs in the complete cross-section of GFET that results in a decrease of electrical conductance and the drain current. Similarly, when a positively charged protein binds to a GFET biosensor, the conductance increases [9][10][11][12]. These properties can be demonstrated in COMSOL Multiphysics using the chemical reaction and transport of diluted spices modules, as well as the semiconductor module [13,14].…”

Raman Spectroscopy-Based Quality Control of “Silicon-On-Insulator” Nanowire Chips for the Detection of Brain Cancer-Associated MicroRNA in Plasma

“…Nanowire (NW) biosensors represent one of the types of molecular detectors. Their use for the highly sensitive detection of various biomolecules [32][33][34] and viral particles [35] was previously demonstrated in a number of papers. These biosensors allow for label-free detection of biological macromolecules in real time with high sensitivity (at femtomolar and even subfemtomolar level).…”