Design and Development of Graphene FET Biosensor for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The most affected disease in recent years is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) that is notable as COVID-19. It has been started as a disease in one place and arisen as a pandemic throughout the world. A serious health problem is developed in the lungs due to the effect of this coronavirus. Sometimes it may result in death as a consequence of extensive alveolar damage and progressive respiratory failure. Hence, early detection and appropriate diagnosis of corona virus in patient’s body is very essential to save the lives of affected patients This work evolves a Silicon (Si) based label-free electrical device i.e. the reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistor (rGO FET) for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Firstly rGO FET functionalized with SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Then the rGO FET characteristic response is observed to detect the antibody-antigen reaction of SARS-CoV-2 with different molar ranges. The developed GFET shows better performance towards the drain current and limit-of-detection (LoD) up to 2E-18 M. Therefore, we believe that an intense response was observed than the earlier developed devices and signifies impressive capability for subsequent implementation in point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tests.

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“…Following the above work, many other groups developed GFET-based biosensing platforms for sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. , Li et al developed an AuNP-decorated GFET biosensor with a LOD of 2.29 fM concentration in throat swab samples and 3.39 fM concentration in human blood serum samples for fast detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA within 2 min. The device was fabricated by immobilizing a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligos (PMO) probe on the surface of AuNPs that were supported over a graphene channel.…”

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“…They used immobilized SARS-CoV-2 RBD bioconjugates to detect IgG antibodies based on antigen-antibody interactions with a LOD of 1.0 pg/mL by monitoring the fluctuation of the device’s surface’s interfacial potential. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) FET, based on Si, was fabricated by Krishna et al [ 42 ] to detect SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies were used to functionalize rGO FET to achieve a LOD of 0.002 fM.…”

Unifying the Efforts of Medicine, Chemistry, and Engineering in Biosensing Technologies to Tackle the Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Reduced graphene oxide has also been used to fabricate silicon-based FET biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection. 107 Briefly, the constructed FET was functionalized with amine groups on the graphene surface through APTES to immobilize monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (mAbs). When a negatively charged antigen binds to the surface, the depletion of charge carrier causes a reduction in electrical conductivity and discharge current.…”

“…This sensor hence provided an attractive alternative to the examination and rational design of neutralizing antibody locking approaches for this continuing malady and its use for screening and early diagnosis. Reduced graphene oxide has also been used to fabricate silicon-based FET biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection . Briefly, the constructed FET was functionalized with amine groups on the graphene surface through APTES to immobilize monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (mAbs).…”