Nanowire-Based Biosensors: From Growth to Applications

Abstract

Over the past decade, synthesized nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube, nanoparticle, quantum dot, and nanowire, have already made breakthroughs in various fields, including biomedical sensors. Enormous surface area-to-volume ratio of the nanomaterials increases sensitivity dramatically compared with macro-sized material. Herein we present a comprehensive review about the working principle and fabrication process of nanowire sensor. Moreover, its applications for the detection of biomarker, virus, and DNA, as well as for drug discovery, are reviewed. Recent advances including self-powering, reusability, sensitivity in high ionic strength solvent, and long-term stability are surveyed and highlighted as well. Nanowire is expected to lead significant improvement of biomedical sensor in the near future.

Capacitive Field-Effect EIS Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Status Report

“…Due to the small size and weight, fast response time, label-free operation, possibility of real-time and multiplexed measurements, and compatibility with micro- and nanofabrication technologies with the future prospect of a large-scale production at relatively low cost, semiconductor field-effect devices (FEDs) based on an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) system are one of the most exciting approaches for chemical and biological sensing. Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFET) [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], extended-gate ISFETs [ 6 ], capacitive EIS sensors [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], light-addressable potentiometric sensors [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], silicon nanowire FETs (SiNW-FET) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], graphene-based FETs [ 18 , 19 ], and carbon nanotube-based FETs [ 18 , 20 ] constitute typical examples of transducer structures for chemically/biologically sensitive FEDs. At present, numerous FEDs modified with respective recognition elements have been developed for the detection of pH, ion concentrations, substrate–enzyme reactions, nucleic acid hybridizations, and antigen–antibody affinity reactions, just to name a few.…”

Effect of hydrogen chloride etching on carrier recombination processes of indium phosphide nanowires

“…Semiconductor nanowires have received intense interest as they have potential for application in photovoltaic cells, [1][2][3][4][5][6] nanolasers, 7,8 light-emitting diodes, [9][10][11][12] field-effect transistors, 13,14 sensors, 15,16 and photodetectors. 17,18 Significant efforts have been made for the manufacturing of high-quality materials, which are needed for device applications.…”

Advances in nanomaterial application in enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors: a review

“…Silicon and silica nanowires are most widely used due to their high compatibility with the standard fabrication technology. 100 The main advantage of the nanowire-based FETs is high sensitivityproperties of nanowire (i.e., conductance) are easily changed by processes that take place on its surface, thus biosensors can generate signal even when very small amounts of target molecules are present in the sample. Another advantages are low cost and possibility of multiplexed sensing using several FET on a single platform.…”