Signs of Neurobehavioral Dysfunction in a Sample of Learning Disabled Children: Stability and Concurrent Validity

Abstract

Of 270 learning disabled children with average intelligence and significant delays in reading comprehension a sample of 37 were evaluated for signs of neurobehavioral dysfunction. All such signs--primitive reflexes, equilibrium reactions, and postrotary nystagmus--were reliably assessed. A subsample of 19 children was compared with developmentally normal and mentally retarded samples for the occurrence of tonic neck reflexes and equilibrium reactions. The learning disabled children consistently showed deviancies like those of the retarded children; both of these groups differed from the normal children on most measures. These deviant responses persisted over a 9-mo. period for the learning disabled group. Compared with norms, the total learning disabled sample displayed hyponystagmus, and this depressed nystagmus persisted for 11 mo. Results are discussed in relation to the lack of correlation among the various signs of neurobehavioral dysfunction in the learning disabled children.

The degree of primitive reflexes integration as a diagnostic tool to assess the neurological maturity of healthy preschool and early school age children

“…dysleksji, której występowanie w przypadku braku integracji odru chów jest wnikliwie badane 15,16,20 , ale również braku uwa gi lub nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej. [17][18][19][21][22][23] Ustale nie jakościowej i ilościowej integracji odruchów u dzieci i wczesne wdrożenie terapii ma zatem ogromne znaczenie w ich dalszym rozwoju. Stwierdzenie u dzieci ryzyka zabu rzeń umożliwi niedopuszczenie do ich rozwinięcia się.…”

Persisting primitive reflexes in medication-naïve girls with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder

“…We measured ATNR using the Schilder test 15. ATNR presents as the tonic reflex response that occurs in newborns; it normally vanishes at around 3 months of age.…”

Developmental Delay Syndromes: Psychometric Testing Before and After Chiropractic Treatment of 157 Children

“…22 Epidemiologically, the statistical equivalence between DDS and dyspraxia, and its comorbidity with DDS, is noteworthy. [5][6][7][10][11][12]22 Dyspraxia is a disorder of praxis, the Greek word meaning doing, acting, and practice. Praxis includes both knowing what to do and how to do it-doing something with ease and without effort.…”

“…2 It has been shown that motor discoordination, especially affecting the postural and ocular muscles, is a common comorbid condition associated with this spectrum of disorders. [3][4][5][6][7] At this time, DDSs are thought to have multifactorial etiologies. 3,4,[8][9][10][11] The epidemiologic prevalence of these disturbances has been estimated to be as high as 5% to 20% (depending on a conservative definition).…”