“…Much information supports the view that fundamentally excitation is produced by unbonding Ca from some structure by K: Effects on threshold, water entry into cells, Na or K entry into axons, salt retention by red cells, axon membrane resistance, width of axonal surface lamellae, Ca release from muscle or dorsal root ganglia, and axon structural changes due to polarization all depend on K : C a ratios in a relevant fashion (1,2,5,10,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Hashimura and Wright have approached a similar formulation (30), and a recent paper by Spyropoulos approximately paraphrases this earlier stated hypothesis (31).…”