Significance of cytomorphological and microbiological examination of bile collected by endoscopic cannulation of the papilla of vater

Misra, Vatsala; Misra, Sri Prakash; Singh, Pooja; Dwivedi, Manisha; Verma, Kachnar; Narayan, Upma

doi:10.4103/0377-4929.54986

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…We also observed that majority of the malignant cases had pure cholesterol type of stones and none of these had either brown or black pigment stones hence supporting the previous reports of association of GBC with cholesterol stones. 33,36,37 Our findings are similar to a study from Japan by Kimura et al 38 which revealed that though most common type of stones were of pigmented type, but in patients with GBC cholesterol gall stones are most commonly found. Lorna and Cooke 32 however, recorded association of mixed type of stones with GBC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Gall stones size, number, biochemical analysis and lipidogram- an association with gall bladder cancer: a study of 200 cases

Narang

Goyal

Bal

et al. 2014

Int J Cancer Ther Oncol

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Purpose: Objective of the study was to find out if there is any relation of number, size and type of gall stones and patient's lipid profile with the occurrence of gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) as presence of gall stones is considered to be the most important risk factor for gall bladder cancer. Methods: 200 specimens of post-cholecystectomy gallbladder were studied. The number, size and type of stones and lipid profile were compared in all these cases. Gross as well as histopathological examination of gall bladders specimens was done. Results: 185 (92.5%) gall bladders were associated with gall stones. On histopathological examination, malignancy was found in 6 cases (3%) only and rest 194 cases (97%) revealed inflammatory/ non-neoplastic pathology. A statistically significant difference was observed in the number of stones in gall bladders with malignancy than those with benign lesions (P < 0.001). Similarly, a statistically significant difference was seen in terms of stone size between gallbladder cancer (GBC) cases and those with benign pathology (P < 0.005). Benign lesions of gall bladders were mostly associated with mixed type of stones whereas malignant cases were associated with pure cholesterol type of stones. No significant relation was found between the patient's lipid profile and occurrence of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) (p > 0.005). Conclusion: Thus we concluded that as the number, size and cholesterol gall stone increase the risk of gall bladder cancer also increases without any relation with lipid profile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Gall stones size, number, biochemical analysis and lipidogram- an association with gall bladder cancer: a study of 200 cases

Narang

Goyal

Bal

et al. 2014

Int J Cancer Ther Oncol

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“…Early culture-based surveys of patients undergoing biliary surgery showed the occasional isolation of Proteus species from the biliary tract (13% of bile samples) (102). P. mirabilis has also been recovered from bile obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 6% of cultured samples (103).…”

Section: Association With Hepatobiliary Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Proteus spp. as Putative Gastrointestinal Pathogens

et al. 2018

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species, members of the family, are usually considered commensals in the gut and are most commonly recognized clinically as a cause of urinary tract infections. However, the recent identification of spp. as potential pathogens in Crohn's disease recurrence after intestinal resection serves as a stimulus to examine their potential role as gut pathogens. species possess many virulence factors potentially relevant to gastrointestinal pathogenicity, including motility; adherence; the production of urease, hemolysins, and IgA proteases; and the ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. Gastrointestinal conditions that have been linked to include gastroenteritis (spontaneous and foodborne), nosocomial infections, appendicitis, colonization of devices such as nasogastric tubes, and Crohn's disease. The association of species with Crohn's disease was particularly strong. species are low-abundance commensals of the human gut that harbor significant pathogenic potential; further investigation is needed.

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“…P. mirabilis may also be present in the human gut microflora (5) and is correlated with the incidence of colitis (6,7). Broth-grown vegetative cells of P. mirabilis are characteristically ϳ2 m long and have a peritrichous distribution of ϳ4 to 10 flagella.…”

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Flagellum Density Regulates Proteus mirabilis Swarmer Cell Motility in Viscous Environments

et al. 2013

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cProteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen that is frequently associated with urinary tract infections. In the lab, P. mirabilis cells become long and multinucleate and increase their number of flagella as they colonize agar surfaces during swarming. Swarming has been implicated in pathogenesis; however, it is unclear how energetically costly changes in P. mirabilis cell morphology translate into an advantage for adapting to environmental changes. We investigated two morphological changes that occur during swarming-increases in cell length and flagellum density-and discovered that an increase in the surface density of flagella enabled cells to translate rapidly through fluids of increasing viscosity; in contrast, cell length had a small effect on motility. We found that swarm cells had a surface density of flagella that was ϳ5 times larger than that of vegetative cells and were motile in fluids with a viscosity that inhibits vegetative cell motility. To test the relationship between flagellum density and velocity, we overexpressed FlhD 4 C 2 , the master regulator of the flagellar operon, in vegetative cells of P. mirabilis and found that increased flagellum density produced an increase in cell velocity. Our results establish a relationship between P. mirabilis flagellum density and cell motility in viscous environments that may be relevant to its adaptation during the infection of mammalian urinary tracts and movement in contact with indwelling catheters. Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative rod-shaped gammaproteobacterium that is commonly associated with urinary tract infections (1) and the biofouling of catheters (2-4). P. mirabilis may also be present in the human gut microflora (5) and is correlated with the incidence of colitis (6, 7). Broth-grown vegetative cells of P. mirabilis are characteristically ϳ2 m long and have a peritrichous distribution of ϳ4 to 10 flagella. The flagella form a bundle that performs work on the surrounding fluid and propels cells forward via a mechanism that is similar to the motility system of Escherichia coli (8, 9).Broth-grown vegetative cells of P. mirabilis in contact with the surface of agar gels infused with nutrients change their morphology, become "swarmers," and colonize the surface by coordinating the movement of large groups of cells (i.e., "swarming") (see Fig. 1A). P. mirabilis swarm colonies exhibit a terraced pattern of concentric rings (see Fig. S1 in the supplemental material) (10). These rings are produced by alternating phases of consolidation, during which the colony does not expand and cells are dedifferentiated into a vegetative cell-like morphology, and swarming, during which cells are motile and differentiated (11). Motility occurs predominantly at the swarm front and decreases with increasing distance from the front; cells near the center of the swarm are nonmotile. Swarming has several characteristics, including the following: (i) the inhibition of cell division to produce long (10-to 70-m) multinucleate cells, (ii) an increase in the surface dens...

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Significance of cytomorphological and microbiological examination of bile collected by endoscopic cannulation of the papilla of vater

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Gall stones size, number, biochemical analysis and lipidogram- an association with gall bladder cancer: a study of 200 cases

Gall stones size, number, biochemical analysis and lipidogram- an association with gall bladder cancer: a study of 200 cases

Proteus spp. as Putative Gastrointestinal Pathogens

Flagellum Density Regulates Proteus mirabilis Swarmer Cell Motility in Viscous Environments

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