No abstract

species, members of the family, are usually considered commensals in the gut and are most commonly recognized clinically as a cause of urinary tract infections. However, the recent identification of spp. as potential pathogens in Crohn's disease recurrence after intestinal resection serves as a stimulus to examine their potential role as gut pathogens. species possess many virulence factors potentially relevant to gastrointestinal pathogenicity, including motility; adherence; the production of urease, hemolysins, and IgA proteases; and the ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. Gastrointestinal conditions that have been linked to include gastroenteritis (spontaneous and foodborne), nosocomial infections, appendicitis, colonization of devices such as nasogastric tubes, and Crohn's disease. The association of species with Crohn's disease was particularly strong. species are low-abundance commensals of the human gut that harbor significant pathogenic potential; further investigation is needed.

CD is associated with a microbial signature distinct from health. Microbial factors and smoking independently influence postoperative CD recurrence. The genus Proteus may play a role in the development of CD.

Visceral adiposity is an independent risk factor for endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease after surgery. Sarcopenia correlates with inflammatory biomarkers. Measures of visceral adipose tissue may help to stratify risk in post-operative management strategies.

Co-culture of the isolates with epithelial cell lines showed bacterial adherence, invasion, increased production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1a, and cell necrosis. Both isolates induced key pro-inflammatory pathways, including NOD-like receptor signaling, Jak-STAT signaling, and MAPK signaling, and induced pro-inflammatory genes and activated inflammation-related pathways in gnotobiotic mice. CONCLUSIONS: P mirabilis in the gut is associated with CD and can induce inflammation in cells and animal models of colitis. P mirabilis can act as a pathobiont and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CD.

Intestinal resection of all macroscopic Crohn's disease in patients treated with postoperative prophylactic drug therapy is associated with significant and sustained improvement in HRQoL irrespective of type of drug treatment or endoscopic recurrence. HRQoL is lower in female patients and smokers. A higher CDAI, but not direct measures of active disease or type of drug therapy, is associated with a lower HRQoL.

Romiplostim resulted in improvement in platelet counts, allowing resumption of chemotherapy without recurrence of dose-limiting CIT. No treatment-related toxicity was observed, but this would need to be confirmed in a larger, prospective trial. Our series differs from prior studies in that we selected only those patients who had already demonstrated persistent thrombocytopenia, and we continued weekly romiplostim during chemotherapy. Romiplostim may be a safe and effective treatment for CIT.

The essential findings of this study indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis benefits between the experimental CPC mouth rinse and the positive control EO mouth rinse over a 6-month period.