Sialic acid content of goat milk during lactation

Sousa, Yasmim Régis Formiga de; Vasconcelos, Margarida Angélica da Silva; Costa, Roberto Germano; Filho, Clayton Anderson de Azevedo; Paiva, Emmanuela Prado de; Queiroga, Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.005

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Fatty acids were extracted (chloroform:methanol:water—2:1:1), and fatty acid composition (including CLA) was determined by gas chromatography using an Agilent gas chromatograph, model 7890A (Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA), coupled to a Waters Quattro micro GC model mass spectrometer (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA) [ 23 ]. Lastly, the quantification of sialic acid followed the methodology used by [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of goat whey on DNBS-induced colitis in mice

et al. 2017

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This study evaluated the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of goat whey in a mouse model of colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid that resembles human IBD. At a concentration of 4 g/kg/day, the goat whey improved the symptoms of intestinal inflammation, namely by decreasing the disease activity index, colonic weight/length, and leukocyte infiltration. Moreover, goat whey inhibited NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and consequently down-regulated the gene expression of various proinflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, iNOS, MMP-9, ICAM-1. Also, goat whey increased the expression of proteins such as mucins, occludin proteins and cytokine signalling suppressors. The immunomodulatory properties of goat whey were also evaluated in vitro using the murine macrophage cell line Raw 264 and CMT-93 cells derived from mouse rectum carcinomas. The results revealed the ability of goat whey to inhibit the production of NO and reduce IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated cells. In conclusion, goat whey exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in the DNBS model of intestinal inflammation, and these observations were confirmed by its immunomodulatory properties in vitro. Together, our results indicate that goat whey could have applications for the treatment of IBD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of goat whey on DNBS-induced colitis in mice

et al. 2017

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“… 25 − 30 The oligosaccharide composition of goat milk (gMOS) has been studied 24 , 27 − 29 , 31 − 35 and compared to other domesticated animals. 24 , 29 A few studies have reported variations of oligosaccharides at the goat breed level, 25 , 26 over time during lactation, 25 , 28 , 36 in parity, 26 or at the individual goat level. 37 Such information is considered interesting, because gMOS are more abundant than bMOS and contain certain structures that are in common with hMOS ( Schemes 1 and 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goat Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Diversity, Quantity, and Functional Properties in Comparison to Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Leeuwen

Poele²,

Chatziioannou³

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Human milk is considered the golden standard in infant nutrition. Free oligosaccharides in human milk provide important health benefits. These oligosaccharides function as prebiotics, immune modulators, and pathogen inhibitors and were found to improve barrier function in the gut. Infant formulas nowadays often contain prebiotics but lack the specific functions of human milk oligosaccharides (hMOS). Milk from domesticated animals also contains milk oligosaccharides but at much lower levels and with less diversity. Goat milk contains significantly more oligosaccharides (gMOS) than bovine (bMOS) or sheep (sMOS) milk and also has a larger diversity of structures. This review summarizes structural studies, revealing a diversity of up to 77 annotated gMOS structures with almost 40 structures fully characterized. Quantitative studies of goat milk oligosaccharides range from 60 to 350 mg/L in mature milk and from 200 to 650 mg/L in colostrum. These levels are clearly lower than in human milk (5–20 g/L) but higher than in other domesticated dairy animals, e.g., bovine (30–60 mg/L) and sheep (20–40 mg/L). Finally, the review focuses on demonstrated and potential functionalities of gMOS. Some studies have shown anti-inflammatory effects of mixtures enriched in gMOS. Goat MOS also display prebiotic potential, particularly in stimulating growth of bifidobacteria preferentially. Although functional studies of gMOS are still limited, several structures are also found in human milk and have known functions as immune modulators and pathogen inhibitors. In conclusion, goat milk constitutes a promising alternative source for milk oligosaccharides, which can be used in infant formula.

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“…On the other hand, the abundance of 6′-SL was 3.3 times higher in the milk of Guanzhong goat than that in Saanen goat [ 71 ]. The Sia content of goat’s milk varies over the course of lactation, declining from approximately 0.47 g/L at 85 days of lactation to 0.12 g/L at 145 days of lactation [ 72 ].…”

Section: Concentration and Distribution Of Smos In Other Animal Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspective of Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides in Mammalian Milk: Implications for Brain and Gut Health of Newborns

Hobbs

Jahan

Ghorashi

et al. 2021

Foods

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant solid component after lactose and lipids of breast milk. All mammal milk contains soluble oligosaccharides, including neutral milk oligosaccharides (NMOs) without sialic acid (Sia) moieties and acidic oligosaccharides or sialylated milk oligosaccharides (SMOs) with Sia residues at the end of sugar chains. The structural, biological diversity, and concentration of milk oligosaccharides in mammalian milk are significantly different among species. HMOs have multiple health benefits for newborns, including development of immune system, modification of the intestinal microbiota, anti-adhesive effect against pathogens, and brain development. Most infant formulas lack oligosaccharides which resemble HMOs. Formula-fed infants perform poorly across physical and psychological wellbeing measures and suffer health disadvantages compared to breast-fed infants due to the differences in the nutritional composition of breast milk and infant formula. Of these milk oligosaccharides, SMOs are coming to the forefront of research due to the beneficial nature of Sia. This review aims to critically discuss the current state of knowledge of the biology and role of SMOs in human milk, infant formula milks, and milk from several other species on gut and brain health of human and animal offspring.

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Sialic acid content of goat milk during lactation

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of goat whey on DNBS-induced colitis in mice

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of goat whey on DNBS-induced colitis in mice

Goat Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Diversity, Quantity, and Functional Properties in Comparison to Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Current Perspective of Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides in Mammalian Milk: Implications for Brain and Gut Health of Newborns

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