Sialic acid-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: Emerging trends in food industry

Enhancement of oral bioavailability of natural compounds and probiotics by mucoadhesive tailored biopolymer-based nanoparticles: A review

“…Complementary strategies regarding biopolymer NPs have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infections. The NPs must meet certain requirements: i) they must be mucoadhesive to prolong residence time in the stomach; ii) they must be capable to penetrate into the mucosa layer (Madureira, Pereira & Pintado, 2015;Sun, Zhang, Ren & Udenigwe, 2020) and also into the bacterial biolfilms (Malaekeh-Nikouei, Bazzaz, Mirhadi, Tajani & Khameneh, 2020); iii) the smaller the NPs, the better they are internalized in the gastric epithelium (Gonçalves, Henriques, Seabra & Martins, 2014); and iv) they should be able to release the loaded antimicrobial compound when they are anchored in the mucosa. In addition, antimicrobial compounds should be effective against the growth of H. pylori, preventing as well bacterial anchoring to mucin and epithelial cells (Varki, 2008;Kao, Sheu & Wu, 2016).…”

“…The nanoencapsulation of sialic acids, as analogues to the host cell receptors, has also been proposed as an anti-adhesive strategy for the prevention and treatment of H. Pylori, providing a binding centre for bacteria and thus preventing their adhesion to mucin and epithelial cells (Sun et al, 2020). Based on H. pylori receptors, NPs can be designed to recognize and directly target the infected area of the gastric epithelium.…”

“…Although the small intestinal region is the preferred target site for adhesion of NPs to improve the residence time and cellular uptake of active substances, mucoadhesive NPs can be useful for other applications involving specific interactions with other types of mucosa, in which food products or nutraceuticals could play a role. For instance, the incorporation of mucoadhesive NPs loaded with food-derived compounds could be a novel strategy for developing functional foods or nutraceuticals with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity in the stomach, as an alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy (Lin, Feng, Lai, Lin & Chen, 2014;Sun, Zhang, Ren & Udenigwe, 2020). NPs with mucoadhesive properties could also have the potential to provide sustained release of lipophilic compounds in the buccal mucosa, which could be of interest for the treatment of oral diseases (Esposito et al, 2020).…”

“…Their oral consumption could also be an alternative soft antibiotic therapy to diminish the growth of potentially pathogenic flora. In recent years, nanocarriers rather than larger structures have been proposed to encapsulate prebiotics, probiotics and natural antimicrobial compounds, as they allow better penetration of the mucous layer as well as smaller and longer dosages (Mojaver, Hosseini & Gharsallaoui, 2020;Duman & Karada, 2020;Sun et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2019;Liao et al, 2019;Maghsoudi et al, 2017;Pan-In et al, 2013). In particular, the incorporation of probiotics nanoencapsulated with mucoadhesive biopolymers in food products is a promising way to prolong their survival through the GI tract, providing controlled and constant delivery of living cells that may help improve the intestinal microbial balance (Ebrahimnejad, Khavarpour & Khalidi, 2017).…”

Bioinformatics analysis of adhesin-binding potential and ADME/Tox profile of anti-Helicobacter pylori peptides derived from wheat germ proteins

“…Their binding to the Lewis antigens on the surface of the epithelial cells lining the stomach and duodenum are mainly mediated by networks of hydrogen bonding and does not cause any conformational change in the adhesin protein ( Hage et al., 2015 ; Pang et al., 2014 ). Hence, anti-adhesive therapy targeting specifically the active site of the adhesin protein is considered as one of the promising strategies for preventing H. pylori infection ( Sun et al., 2020b ). The principle of anti-adhesive therapy is the interference or inhibition of bacterial adherence to host cells by using anti-adhesive agents as receptor analogs or adhesin analogs, subsequently preventing infection ( Sun and Wu., 2017 ).…”