Short Communication: In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from twelve aromatic plants from East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Kuspradini H, Putri AS, Egra S, Yanti. 2019. Short Communication: In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from twelve aromatic plants from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2039-2042. In the aim of this works was to investigate the antibacterial activity of twelve essential oils against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, oral pathogen causing dental caries. The essential oils were collected by a steam distillation method. Refractive index was measured by using a refractometer. The antibacterial activity of essential oils was determined using an agar well diffusion method. The yields of essential oils varied with the plant species. The steam distillation yielded clear to yellowish essential oils. Refractive indexes of oil were found to be in the range of 1.344 to 1.500. Syzigium sp. appeared to be more abundant in oil (1.54%) than the other plant species, while C. odorata was poorer (0.04%). All of the essential oils tested showed a varied level of inhibition zone (0-53.65 mm) against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The oil from leaves of Cymbopogon citratus had the highest activity against S. sobrinus and S. mutans (53.15 and 52.85 mm, respectively). On the other hand, the Magnolia x alba oil showed the lowest activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus (10.50 and 11.65 mm, respectively). The research results demonstrated that the essential oil in this study has the potency for development of dental health products for preventing and treating oral infections.

Antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Dengke Naniura of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) against diarrhea-causing pathogenic bacteria

“…The antibacterial activity of L. fermentum isolates from Dengke Naniura showed antibacterial activity against the four bacteria that cause diarrhea, marked by the formation of a clear zone around the well which was given L. fermentum inoculum with various concentrations. Although the resulting inhibition zone is lower than the inhibition zone for positive control, it does not mean that the tested sample does not have antibacterial activity (Kuspradini et al 2019). The MIC in S. aureus has an inhibition zone diameter of 9.13 ± 0.51 mm, in B. cereus the inhibition zone diameter is 7.87 ± 0.15 mm, in E. coli the inhibition zone diameter is 7.27 ± 0.25 mm, and in S. typhi the inhibition zone diameter is 7.13 ± 0.15 mm.…”

“…The activity index measurement aims to determine whether the antibacterial activity produced from the potential sample is comparable to the positive control (antibiotics). If the index activity value is equal to 1.00 then the activity is the same as the positive control activity (Kuspradini et al 2019). The sample activity index at the highest concentration of 100% each has a value of 0.51 ± 0.06 (S. aureus), 0.54 ± 0.86 (B. cereus), 0.54 ± 0.04 (E. coli), and 0.56 ± 0.14 (S. typhi).…”

“…The zone of inhibition was measured using a digital caliper in mm. The activity index was calculated using the formula below: (Kuspradini et al 2019) Activity Index =…”

The potency of Myrtaceae Family from Cibodas Botanic Gardens (Cianjur, Indonesia) as botanical pesticide

“…Myrtaceae can be distinguished from other families by scaly bark, scented leaves that contain oil gland dots, flatleaf edges, inframarginal venation, numerous, brightly and conspicuous stamens, and inferior ovary position which is often fused with hypanthium (Singh 2010). Some of the valuable products from Myrtaceae include timber, EOs, spices, fruits, natural dyes, ornamental plants, animal feed, and folk medicines such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, and antioxidants) (Mitra et al 2012;Kuspradini et al 2019). The research about ethnobotany at Sesaot protected forest, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia revealed that Myrtaceae (represented by Syzygium; the highest important value's index in the primary forest of Sesaot) is the most widely family utilized by community as plant-based treatment for various diseases, source of food as edible fruits, drinks, or jelly, and building material (Hidayat 2017).…”

A Comparative Analysis of Essential Oils from Three Species of Cinnamomum Growing Wild in East Kalimantan

“…The essential oil was discovered by means of the steam distillation process [10]. The distillation process is carried out by inserting 1-3 kg of leaves into a distillation flask on a perforated plate.…”