Short-Chain Chitin Oligomers: Promoters of Plant Growth

Winkler, Alexander J.; Núñez, José Alfonso Domínguez; Aranaz, Inmaculada; Poza‐Carrión, César; Ramonell, Katrina M.; Somerville, Shauna; Berrocal-Lobo, Marta

doi:10.3390/md15020040

Cited by 90 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…In the light of our results, CO now appear particularly promising for large scale agricultural applications for several reasons: among currently characterized AM fungal signals, CO can be obtained at a fraction of the cost of the more complex LCO (lipo-chito-oligosaccharides, similar to rhizobial Nod factors), from waste products of crustacean fishing industry. As natural and easily bio-degradable products, CO are considered environmentally friendly and the use of chitinderived molecules has a relatively long history in agriculture, for their stimulation of plant growth and defense (Benhamou et al, 1998;Sharp, 2003;Zhang et al, 2016;Winkler et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula

Volpe

Carotenuto

Berzero

et al. 2020

Carbohydrate Polymers

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During the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, the fungus and the host plant exchange chemical signals that are crucial to reciprocal recognition. Short-chain chitin oligomers (CO) released by AM fungi are known to trigger symbiotic signaling in all host plant species tested. Here we applied exogenous CO, derived from crustacean exoskeleton, to pot-grown Medicago truncatula inoculated with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae and investigated root colonization, plant gene regulation and biomass production. CO treatment strongly promoted AM colonization with significant increases in arbuscule development, biomass production and photosynthetic surface compared to untreated mycorrhizal plants. Gene expression analyses indicated that CO treatment anticipated the expression of MtBCP and MtPT4 plant symbiotic markers, during the first two weeks post inoculation. Altogether, our results provide evidence that plant treatment with symbiotic fungal elicitors, anticipated and enhanced AM development, encouraging the use of CO to promote AM establishment in sustainable agricultural practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula

Volpe

Carotenuto

Berzero

et al. 2020

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…Based on this finding, a low-molecular-weight chitin mix enriched to 92% with dimers, trimers and tetramers was produced for potential use in biotechnological processes. The low-molecular-weight chitin mix treated plants had increased in vitro fresh weight (10%), radicle length (25%) and total carbon and nitrogen content (6% and 8%, respectively) compared with untreated plants (Winkler et al 2017). …”

Section: Biocontrol and Other Agricultural Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin and chitin-related compounds in plant–fungal interactions

Pusztahelyi

2018

Mycology

145

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Chitin is the second abundant polysaccharide in the world after cellulose. It is a vital structural component of the fungal cell wall but not for plants. In plants, fungi are recognised through the perception of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to induce MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). Chitin polymers and their modified form, chitosan, induce host defence responses in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The plants’ response to chitin, chitosan, and derived oligosaccharides depends on the acetylation degree of these compounds which indicates possible biocontrol regulation of plant immune system. There has also been a considerable amount of recent research aimed at elucidating the roles of chitin hydrolases in fungi and plants as chitinase production in plants is not considered solely as an antifungal resistance mechanism. We discuss the importance of chitin forms and chitinases in the plant–fungal interactions and their role in persistent and possible biocontrol.Abbreviations ET, ethylene; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; GEF, GDP/GTP exchange factor; JA, jasmonic acid; LysM, lysin motif; MAMP, microbe-associated molecular pattern; MTI, MAMP-triggered immunity; NBS, nucleotide-binding site; NBS-LRR, nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeats; PM, powdery mildew; PR, pathogenesis-related; RBOH, respiratory burst oxidase homolog; RLK, receptor-like kinase; RLP, receptor-like protein; SA, salicylic acid; TF, transcription factor.

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“…Therefore, the shrimp extract is a low-cost and environmentally-friendly resource. The chitosan compounds deacetylated from chitin that are extracted from shrimp are effective in promoting seed germination, and root and shoot growth, and can induce resistance to abiotic stresses, as well as acting as biopesticides [14,22,[49][50][51]. Therefore, the positive effect of L1 may be partly due to the presence of chitosan.…”

Section: Effects Of Liquid Organic Fertilizers On the Growth Of Chrysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Liquid Organic Fertilizers on Plant Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Characteristics of Chrysanthemum

Gao²,

Shi

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:Organic fertilizers are generally thought to be an effective way to sustain soil fertility and plant growth. To promote the productivity of chrysanthemum, five sources of liquid organic fertilizers (L1-L5), as well as a chemical fertilizer, were applied at an early stage of the growth cycle to investigate their effects on plant growth. In the short-term pot experiment, the liquid organic fertilizers significantly promoted root and aboveground growth by 10.2-77.8% and 10.7-33.3%, respectively, compared with the chemical fertilizer. The order of growth promotion was: L1 (shrimp extracts) > L2 (plant decomposition) > L4 (seaweed extracts)/L5 (fish extracts) > L3 (vermicompost). Morphological and chemical analyses indicated that, compared with other organic fertilizers, the treatment with shrimp extract (L1) produced the greatest increases in root dry weight, total length, surface area, volume, tips, and thick root length, respectively. Furthermore, the shrimp extract treatment significantly increased the nutrient contents and altered the soil's functional microbial community at the rhizospheric level compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment. Thus, the shrimp extract liquid organic fertilizer could be part of an effective alternative to chemical fertilization during the early stage of chrysanthemum growth.

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Short-Chain Chitin Oligomers: Promoters of Plant Growth

Cited by 90 publications

References 91 publications

Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula

Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula

Chitin and chitin-related compounds in plant–fungal interactions

Effects of Liquid Organic Fertilizers on Plant Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Characteristics of Chrysanthemum

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