Short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in Canadian house dust and NIST SRM 2585

Shang, Hongtao; Fan, Xinghua; Kubwabo, Cariton; Rasmussen, Pat E.

doi:10.1007/s11356-018-04073-2

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…One study of Canadian dust samples found concentrations to be, overall, similar to those of the European studies, with ∑SCCPs ranging from 4 to 57 µg/g (median: 6.2 µg/g) and ∑MCCPs ranging from 6 to 901 µg/g (median: 19 µg/g) [70]. A separate study on 4 Canadian samples however, suggested higher levels with ∑CPs ranging 280-392 µg/g [92].…”

Section: Chlorinated Paraffinsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Emerging halogenated flame retardants in the indoor environment

Poma

McGrath

Christia

et al. 2020

Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry

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Indoor environments are considered an important contributor to external human exposure to halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) due to the large amounts of chemicals currently incorporated in indoor equipment and the time humans spend every day in indoor environments. In this chapter, the presence and use of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), dechlorane plus (DPs), chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants (Cl-PFRs) and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in indoor dust, air and consumer products collected from different indoor microenvironments (homes, public indoor spaces, and vehicles) are discussed. While data on the concentrations of HFRs in indoor dust and air are widely available, figures are still scarce for consumer products, such as textiles and foams, furnishings, flooring, electric and electronic products and building materials. This knowledge gaps still represents the biggest obstacle in linking eventual sources of contamination to the presence and chemical patterns in indoor dust and air.

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Section: Chlorinated Paraffinsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Emerging halogenated flame retardants in the indoor environment

Poma

McGrath

Christia

et al. 2020

Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry

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“…Unfortunately, no certified reference sample is available for CPs in rubber. However, recently the presence of SCCPs and MCCPs in the NIST SRM2585 dust sample was investigated by Shang et al 22 Therefore, in our study the NIST SRM2585 dust sample was included and analyzed with the same method used for the rubber samples. The average SCCPs and MCCPs levels observed in SRM2585 ( n = 12) by Shang et al 22 were 7.6 ± 0.4 μg/g and 16 ± 2.1 μg/g, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recently the presence of SCCPs and MCCPs in the NIST SRM2585 dust sample was investigated by Shang et al 22 Therefore, in our study the NIST SRM2585 dust sample was included and analyzed with the same method used for the rubber samples. The average SCCPs and MCCPs levels observed in SRM2585 ( n = 12) by Shang et al 22 were 7.6 ± 0.4 μg/g and 16 ± 2.1 μg/g, respectively. This is comparable with the average CP levels ( n = 3) observed in our study, 7.1 ± 0.2 μg/g ( R 2 = 0.93) for the SCCPs, 10 ± 0.2 μg/g ( R 2 = 0.71) for the MCCPs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is comparable with the average CP levels ( n = 3) observed in our study, 7.1 ± 0.2 μg/g ( R 2 = 0.93) for the SCCPs, 10 ± 0.2 μg/g ( R 2 = 0.71) for the MCCPs. Especially considering that the between lab coefficient of variation (CV) of the laboratory exercises organized between 2011 and 2017 were 23–137% 23 and that two different analysis techniques are used, the GC–MS operated in electron capture negative ion (ECNI) chemical ionization mode by Shang et al 22 and the APCI-qTOF-MS method in our study. In addition to CPs various other chlorinated compounds have been detected in the NIST SRM2585 dust sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlorinated Paraffins in Car Tires Recycled to Rubber Granulates and Playground Tiles

Brandsma

Brits

Groenewoud

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in various products to improve their physicochemical characteristics. Due to recycling, CPs may end up in “new” recycled products. In this study we investigated CPs present in end-of-life car tires that are recycled to rubber granulates used on artificial soccer fields, and playground tiles. The ∑CP(C10-C30) concentrations ranged from 1.5 to 67 μg/g in car tires, 13–67 μg/g in rubber granulates, and 16–74 μg/g in playground tiles. MCCPs were the dominant CP group with an average contribution of 72%. LCCPs up to C30, were detected for the first time in car tires, rubber granulates, and playground tiles. The CPs application in tires is unclear, the low CP concentrations found in this study (<0.007%) could possibly indicate contamination during the manufacturing process. The presence of CPs in the granulates and tiles, in addition to the multiple chemicals already detected, emphasizes the need to further investigate the migration and leaching behavior, in order to assess potential risks of CPs for humans and the environment. The presence of CPs in car tires may be another source of CPs for the environment. The CP volume brought into the environment by tire wear particles (TWP) from car tires in the European Union, is estimated at 2.0–89 tons annually.

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“…House dust also contains CP (Shang et al 2019;Wong et al 2017). Friden et al (2011) reported up to 18 µg CP per gram house dust in Swedish households and, based on these data, calculated a mean intake of 1 µg CP per day by air and dust.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%