Shock-induced vaporization in metals

Chhabildas, L.C.; Reinhart, William D.; Thornhill, Tom F.; Brown, Justin

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.09.014

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The velocity at the interface between the stagnating silica and the LiF window was measured using the line‐VISARs. These experiments were qualitatively similar to the gas‐gun experiments by Asay and Trucano [1990], Chhabildas et al [2006], and Alexander et al [2010]. The stagnation experiments complement the post‐shock temperature experiments by probing the density gradient in the expanding material, which is important for interpreting the source of the thermal emission (seesection 5.4).…”

Section: Shock‐and‐release Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock vaporization of silica and the thermodynamics of planetary impact events

Kraus¹,

Stewart²,

Swift³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

102

121

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[1] The most energetic planetary collisions attain shock pressures that result in abundant melting and vaporization. Accurate predictions of the extent of melting and vaporization require knowledge of vast regions of the phase diagrams of the constituent materials. To reach the liquid-vapor phase boundary of silica, we conducted uniaxial shock-and-release experiments, where quartz was shocked to a state sufficient to initiate vaporization upon isentropic decompression (hundreds of GPa). The apparent temperature of the decompressing fluid was measured with a streaked optical pyrometer, and the bulk density was inferred by stagnation onto a standard window. To interpret the observed post-shock temperatures, we developed a model for the apparent temperature of a material isentropically decompressing through the liquid-vapor coexistence region. Using published thermodynamic data, we revised the liquid-vapor boundary for silica and calculated the entropy on the quartz Hugoniot. The silica post-shock temperature measurements, up to entropies beyond the critical point, are in excellent qualitative agreement with the predictions from the decompressing two-phase mixture model. Shock-and-release experiments provide an accurate measurement of the temperature on the phase boundary for entropies below the critical point, with increasing uncertainties near and above the critical point entropy. Our new criteria for shock-induced vaporization of quartz are much lower than previous estimates, primarily because of the revised entropy on the Hugoniot. As the thermodynamics of other silicates are expected to be similar to quartz, vaporization is a significant process during high-velocity planetary collisions.Citation: Kraus, R. G., et al. (2012), Shock vaporization of silica and the thermodynamics of planetary impact events,

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Section: Shock‐and‐release Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock vaporization of silica and the thermodynamics of planetary impact events

Kraus¹,

Stewart²,

Swift³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

102

121

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“…From the initial hexagonal shape of the projectile front face and the measured energy transferred to the target the initial energy release is estimated to be $7.8 Â 10 5 eV Å À2 ps À1 . The resulting high local energy density causes localized melting and vaporization (Belonoshko, 1997;Brannon and Chhabildas, 1995;Chhabildas et al, 2006;Holian, 1988), as well as large gradients in density, pressure, and temperature. This creates a strong shock wave that propagates nearly isotropically into the rest of the target, as the longitudinal sound speed of AlN (see Table 2) varies little for different crystallographic directions (see Fig.…”

Section: Shock Wave Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomistic damage mechanisms during hypervelocity projectile impact on AlN: A large-scale parallel molecular dynamics simulation study

Branı́cio

Kalia

Nakano

et al. 2008

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

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“…When the velocity is high enough, sufficient energy is released from the high-pressure shocked state that partial vaporization or full vaporization will occur. This is called shock-induced vaporization, and it depends on the materials of the projectiles (Chhabildas et al 2006 ). Injury caused by this would be similar to chemical explosives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and distant trauma after hypervelocity ballistic impact to the pig hind limb

et al. 2016

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The development of high-energy weapons could increase the velocity of projectiles to well over 1000 m/s. The nature of the injuries caused by the ballistic impact of projectiles at velocities much faster than 1000 m/s is unclear. This study characterizes the mechanical and biochemical alterations caused by high-speed ballistic impact generated by spherical steel ball to the hind limbs of the pig. That the local and distal injuries caused by hypervelocity ballistic impact to the living body are also identified. It is showed that the severity of the injury was positively correlated with the velocity of the projectile. And 4000 m/s seems to be the critical velocity for the 5.6 mm spherical steel ball, which would cause severe damage to either local or distal organs, as below that speed the projectile penetrated the body while above that speed it caused severe damage to the body. In addition, vaporization prevented the projectile from penetrating the body and the consequent pressure wave seems to be the causal factor for the distant damage.

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Shock-induced vaporization in metals

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Shock vaporization of silica and the thermodynamics of planetary impact events

Shock vaporization of silica and the thermodynamics of planetary impact events

Atomistic damage mechanisms during hypervelocity projectile impact on AlN: A large-scale parallel molecular dynamics simulation study

Local and distant trauma after hypervelocity ballistic impact to the pig hind limb

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