Shewanella dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater

Abstract

A novel bacterial strain, designated UDC329 T , was isolated from a sample of seawater collected at Dong-do, on the coast of Dokdo Island, in the East Sea of the Republic of Korea. The Gramstaining-negative, motile, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming rods of the strain developed into dark orange-yellow colonies. The strain grew optimally between 25 and 30 6C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. It grew in the absence of NaCl, but not with NaCl at .7 % (w/v). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7, the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8, and the major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 (33.52 %) and C 17 : 1 v8c (11.73 %). The genus Shewanella, which was first described by MacDonell & Colwell (1985), is a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria (Anzai et al., 2000). Established species in the genus are facultatively anaerobic, aquatic, marine bacteria that are Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped and oxidase-positive and have genomic DNA G+C contents of 42-55 mol% (Bowman, 2005;Gauthier et al., 1995;MacDonell & Colwell, 1985;Venkateswaran et al., 1999). At the time of writing, the genus Shewanella comprised 56 recognized species, most of which have been isolated from marine environments, such as seawater, marine sediments or sand, tidal flats or marine invertebrates and fish (Bowman et al., 1997;Bozal et al., 2002;Brettar et al., 2002; Gao et al., 2006;Gram et al., 1987;Gram & Huss, 1996;Hirota et al., 2005;Ivanova et al., 2001Ivanova et al., , 2003a Ivanova et al., , b, 2004aKim et al., 2007;Lee et al., 2006;Leonardo et al., 1999;Makemson et al., 1997;Miyazaki et al., 2006;Myers & Nealson, 1988;Nealson et al., 1991;Nogi et al., 1998; Pankaj et al., 2011;Park et al., 2009;Satomi et al., 2003Satomi et al., , 2006Satomi et al., , 2007Simidu et al., 1990; Stenström & Molin, 1990;Sucharita et al., 2009; Toffin et al., 2004;Xiao et al., 2007;Yang et al., 2006Yang et al., , 2007 Yoon et al., 2004a, b;Zhao et al., 2005Zhao et al., , 2006Zhao et al., , 2007Ziemke et al., 1998). Some species of the genus Shewanella have, however, been isolated from estuarine (Skerratt et al., 2002; Venkateswaran et al., 1998Venkateswaran et al., , 1999 or clinical samples (Brink et al., 1995;Debois et al., 1975;Holmes et al., 1975;Levin, 1972;Nozue et al., 1992), oilfield fluids (Semple & Westlake, 1987), activated sludge (Xu et al., 2005) and coal-mine sludge (Sravan Kumar et al., 2010). Some members of this genus are opportunistic pathogens of humans and turtles (Aguirre et al., 1994;Brink et al., 1995) or causal agents of proteinaceous food spoilage (Jørgensen & Huss, 1989). Other Shewanella species may be useful in the bioremediation of halogenated organic pollutants (Petrovskis et al., 1994) or may be involved in the destructive souring of crude petroleum (Semple & Westlake, 1987) or the bacterial dissimilatory reduction of manganese, iron oxides, uranium and other compounds (Lovley & Phillips, 1988;Myers & Nealson, 1988;Kostka et al., 1996;Perry et al., 1993). During a study on the microbial diversity of seawater around the i...

Shewanella algicola sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from brown algae

“…The predominant isoprenoid quinones of strain T included both menaquinone (MK-7) and ubiquinone (Q-7 and Q-8). The isoquinones were in accordance with those of other members of the genus Shewanella (Venkateswaran et al, 1999;Yoon et al, 2004Yoon et al, , 2012Gao et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2006;Sung et al, 2012;. The DNA G+C content of strain T was 42.4 mol %, which fell within the range of 41-58 mol% reported for other species of the genus Shewanella Park & Jeon, 2013).…”

“…Members of the genus Shewanella are widely distributed in marine environments including seawater (Makemson et al, 1997;Brettar et al, 2002;Park et al, 2009;Sung et al, 2012), sediment (Venkateswaran et al, 1999;Toffin et al, 2004;Gao et al, 2006;Chang et al, 2008;Pankaj et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2012;Yoon et al, 2012), tidal flats (Yoon et al, 2004Park & Jeon, 2013), marine invertebrates (Ivanova et al, 2004b;Lee et al, 2006;Yang et al, 2006) and fish (Satomi et al, 2006(Satomi et al, , 2007, and Antarctic sea ice (Bowman et al, 1997;Bozal et al, 2002Bozal et al, , 2009, and some species are found in activated sludge (Xu et al, 2005) and clinical samples (Brink et al, 1995;Debois et al, 1975;Holmes et al, 1975;Nozue et al, 1992).…”

Metagenomic analysis of bacterial communities on Dokdo Island

“…For the class Epsilonproteobacteria (the species of this class are known to inhabit the digestive tract of animals and serve as symbionts or pathogens), the species Arcobacter marinus has been reported (Kim et al, 2010). The new species Lysobacter dokdonensis, Shewanella dokdonensis, and Stenotrophomonas dokdonensis of the class Gammaproteobacteria (which includes various pathogens) were identified (Oh et al, 2011;Sung et al, 2012;Yoon et al, 2006d). The phylum Actinobacteria, a group of high-GC-content gram-positive bacteria, produces external spores.…”

Shewanella gelidii sp. nov., isolated from the red algae Gelidium amansii, and emended description of Shewanella waksmanii

“…The genus Shewanella, a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria, was first described by MacDonell & Colwell (1985) to accommodate Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, oxidase-positive and straight or curved rodshaped bacteria (Bowman, 2005;Sung et al, 2012). At the time of writing, the genus Shewanella comprises 64 species with validly published names.…”