Shear‐wave amplitude anomalies in south‐central Wyoming

Kendall, Robert; Kendall, J. M.

doi:10.1190/1.1437390

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…[46,47,20,26,17]) or shear wave splitting (e.g. [39,59]). From these measurements, estimates of the magnitude and principal orientations of the in-situ seismic anisotropy can be derived.…”

Section: Seismic Anisotropy Detection and Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

When geophysics met geomechanics: Imaging of geomechanical properties and processes using elastic waves

Hall

2009

Mechanics of Natural Solids

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Geophysics measurement techniques can be considered as non-destructive, remote methods to analyse the physical properties of geologic materials hidden at depth in the earth, within geotechnical structures or within laboratory test specimens. The objective of this paper is to highlight at least some of the potential to use geophysics methods to aid geomechanical investigations, both at the laboratory and the real-world scales, by characterising property distributions and their changes plus, eventually, the mechanisms by which they change. The focus is primarily on geophysical imaging using elastic waves, whose propagation is controlled by a material's elastic properties and density. The former can be thought of as the summation of contributions over a range of length scales: grains, discontinuities (including cemented or uncemented grain contacts), inter-or intra-granular cracks, fractures and layers, which can all be anisotropic or can produce an anisotropic aggregate material. Examples are provided, at the laboratory and hydrocarbon reservoir scales, of geophysical characterisation of these different geomechanical attributes through anisotropy analyses, time-lapse measures of deformation and "full-field" velocity imaging.

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“…[46,47,20,26,17]) or shear wave splitting (e.g. [39,59]). From these measurements, estimates of the magnitude and principal orientations of the in-situ seismic anisotropy can be derived.…”

Section: Seismic Anisotropy Detection and Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

When geophysics met geomechanics: Imaging of geomechanical properties and processes using elastic waves

Hall

2009

Mechanics of Natural Solids

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“…Geomechanical simulations that cannot be validated are useful learning tools but might be very poor predictors of the performance of natural systems. Seismic anisotropy studies, using reflection seismic data, are independent, data‐driven methods to infer the spatial distribution and mean orientation of open fractures (e.g., Lynn and Thomsen 1990; Kendall and Kendall 1996; Lynn et al 1996; Potter et al 1999; Gray, Roberts and Head 2002; Hall and Kendall 2003, to name but a few) but such approaches are subject to a number of ambiguities and the results are difficult to verify. Hall et al (2007) and Hall and Lewis (2007) discussed integration of geomechanical prediction of open fracturing and seismic anisotropy detection that could potentially provide improved confidence in the characterization of subsurface fracturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomechanical simulation to predict open subsurface fractures

Lewis

Hall

Couples

2009

Geophysical Prospecting

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A B S T R A C TGeomechanical simulation of the evolution of a geological structure can play an important role in predicting open fracture development for all stages in that structure's development. In this work, three such geomechanical simulations are used to predict the evolving stress and strain fields, including dilational and compactional changes in the rock fabric in developing fault and fold systems. Their consequences for open fracture development and flow are addressed. These simulated stress and strain fields show considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity that is consistent with deformation patterns observed in both natural examples and in laboratory-deformed analogues. But the stress and strain states that develop are neither co-axial nor do they bear a simple relationship to one another. The dilational and compactional strains, manifest as open fracturing or sealing, represent some significantly increased or significantly decreased flow rates. However, open-fracture predictions based on such geomechanical simulations are extremely difficult to validate with any degree of confidence as there is little direct evidence of sub-surface fracture distributions. In this context we also discuss possible integration of seismic anisotropy measurements, as an independent measure of open fracture alignment, to support the geomechanically derived fracture predictions. The focus of this work is on volumetric strains in fault zone evolution, though folding is also addressed.

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“…Azimuthal variations in seismic velocities and traveltimes have also been shown to provide insight into subsurface fracturing (e.g., Crampin et al, 1986;Li, 1997;Horne et al 1997). Mueller (1991) and Kendall and Kendall (1996) observe direct correlations between shear-wave amplitude anomalies and areas of high hydrocarbon production attributed to aligned fracturing. Amplitude variation with offset (AVO) (see, for example, Castagna and Backus, 1993) has for a long time been recognized as a useful indicator of lithology (e.g., Ostrander, 1984;Rutherford and Williams, 1980) and pore fill (e.g., Castagna and Swan, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

7. Constraining the Interpretation of AVOA for Fracture Characterisation

Hall¹,

Kendall²

2001

Anisotropy 2000

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This paper investigates the use of seismic anisotropy and amplitude variation with offset and azimuth (AVOA) for fracture characterisation. Specifically the aim of this work is to provide links between rock and fracture properties, elastic modelling and the interpretation of seismic signatures to reduce the potential ambiguity when interpreting AVOA data. Analytical expressions and numerical modelling are used to highlight the sensitivity of AVOA to fracture properties. Furthermore, little prior attention has been paid to wave propagation in media with multiple fracture alignments or fractured media with a permeable matrix therefore an investigation of AVOA for these cases is included. P-wave AVOA is of obvious interest since there are more of these data. However converted wave and shear-wave AVOA are also investigated as these may provide additional insight into fracture characteristics. It is shown that P-P and P-S AVOA hold significant information about fracturing but potential ambiguity in the interpretation of these data is observed that could lead to incorrect determination of fracture orientation. This highlights the need for forward modelling with rock properties data to constrain the interpretation. Additionally, shear-wave (S-S) AVOA is shown to exhibit significant azimuthal variations which provide strong indications of fracture orientation but only at near offsets and little insight can be gained into other fracture properties.

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Shear‐wave amplitude anomalies in south‐central Wyoming

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

When geophysics met geomechanics: Imaging of geomechanical properties and processes using elastic waves

When geophysics met geomechanics: Imaging of geomechanical properties and processes using elastic waves

Geomechanical simulation to predict open subsurface fractures

7. Constraining the Interpretation of AVOA for Fracture Characterisation

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