Shark ecology, the role of the apex predator and current conservation status

Galván‐Magaña, Felipe; Castillo‐Géniz, José Leonardo; Hoyos-Padilla, Mauricio; Klimley, A. Peter; Ramírez‐Amaro, Sergio; Torres‐Rojas, Yassir Edén; Tovar-Ávila, Javier

doi:10.1016/bs.amb.2019.08.005

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…However, the presence of scars could not be visible in all white sharks that prey on squid, as this will depend on the intensity of the interaction, effectiveness of the attack and the handling of the prey. The frequency of these interactions and their relevance in the trophic ecology of the white shark can be studied by tagging both sharks and squid, as well as complementary studies on fatty acids and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen 18,24,26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consumption of cephalopods could be essential in the diet of the white shark by allowing a quick digestion and absorption due to the large amount of proteins and low lipid content present in this group of invertebrates 3 , 24 – 26 . In addition to the protein content, it has been suggested that some cephalopod species such as D. gigas contain high contents of essential fatty acids for shark reproductive processes, such as gonadal maturation and embryonic development, which could favour spermatogenesis in subadult males and pregnancy in adult females 24 – 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, most squid scars were observed in subadult male sharks throughout the season, suggesting that their arrival to Guadalupe Island could be related to the consumption of squids and tunas, while the Northern elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris arriving in December would complement the diet of adult sharks in a dietary shift related to their maturity 4 , 5 , 9 . This emphasizes the importance of habitat use for both white sharks and squids, where future conservation-related studies should include the potential impacts of both prey and predators distribution, mainly in terms of oceanographical changes related to temperature, productivity and minimum oxygen layers 6 , 9 , 14 – 16 , 26 . This type of research will also be able to elucidate evolutionary aspects of the interaction between sharks and cephalopods, since both lineages are ancient and their study could provide relevant information on the ecological importance of both taxa in the dynamic exchange of matter and energy in marine ecosystems 6 , 12 , 18 , 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Becerril‐García

Bernot-Simon

Arellano-Martínez

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Shark-cephalopod interactions have been documented in trophic ecology studies around the world. However, there is little information about the encounters between white sharks Carcharodon carcharias and squids in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Here we provide evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in the waters of Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Through the use of non-invasive techniques, we found the presence of evident scars made by large squids on the body of the white sharks, mainly on the head and trunk, of at least 14 sharks recorded during August–December in the years 2008, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2019. The mean length of the white sharks was 3.7 m (SD ± 0.6; total length), although the majority of the sharks with scars were adult and subadult males (n = 9; 64%). One of these males was photographically recaptured during the same season in which the individual showed new scars, confirming that the squid-white shark interaction likely occurs near Guadalupe Island. Our results highlight the importance of the twilight zone for white sharks and the use of shared habitat and trophic interactions between squid and white sharks, in which future ecosystem studies should consider both species for management and conservation purposes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Becerril‐García

Bernot-Simon

Arellano-Martínez

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Several environmental factors may interact to define elasmobranch movement patterns, including water temperature (Matich and Heithaus, 2012;Smoothey et al 2016) dissolved oxygen (Nosal et al 2016;Galván-Magaña 2019), and salinity (Froeschke 2010;Hyatt et al 2018;Curtis et al 2011). Water quality parameters may also play an indirect role in the C. leucas movement due to the influence of fluctuating conditions on the distribution of prey species.…”

Section: Contemporary Records and Its Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Communication: The presence of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae) in the fresh waters of Sumatra, Indonesia

Hasan

Widodo

2020

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Hasan V, Widodo MS. 2020. Short Communication: The presence of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae) in the fresh waters of Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4433-4439. A single subadult specimen of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas was photographed and captured by local fisherman using casting net on June 2020 in the upper Indragiri River, Riau Province, Indonesia. Carcharhinus leucas are one of only a few species of elasmobranchs that live in both marine and freshwater environments. This species currently listed as a near-threatened species based on the IUCN Red List Status. Singel specimen identified as C. leucas by the coloration of fresh specimen: white belly and greyish back, first dorsal fin high, tip of second dorsal and caudal fins black. Meristic characters measurement results as follows: total length 102 cm; fork length 86.3 cm; preanal length 65.1 cm; pre pelvic length 51.9 cm; pre pectoral length 22.5 cm; pre-orbital length 8.3 cm; head length 25 cm; pre-first dorsal length 29.4 cm; pre-second dorsal length 56 cm, and pre-caudal length 78.1 cm. This photo is considered as the third record from freshwaters of Sumatra after in the Batang Hari River, Jambi Province in 1997, and in the Musi River, South Sumatra Province in 2019. The photographic records indicate that a single specimen of C. leucas was found in the upper Indragiri River recorded more than 150 km inland. These results enhanced the understanding of C. leucas distribution in Sumatra freshwaters. Monitoring is needed to assess the possibility of the importance of the upper Indragiri River as a migration route, nursery, and growth ground of C. leucas. Studying small scale habitat use of C. leucas is challenged by their preferred habitats in freshwaters environments with fast-changing environmental conditions. Water conditions in the upper Indragiri River, namely salinity 0‰, temperature 25-27°C, dissolved oxygen 3.9-11.1 mg/l, are ideal for A. leucas habitat.

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“…Hiu paus mempunyai sebaran habitat geografis yang luas di perairan tropis dengan suhu air yang hangat (McKinney et al, 2012;White & Cavanagh, 2007) dan diketahui beragregasi secara musiman dekat pantai dan sepanjang terumbu karang di perairan tropis dan subtropis di seluruh dunia (Stewart & Wilson, 2005), biasanya didominasi oleh fase juvenil dan remaja jantan (Riley et al, 2010;Brooks et al, 2010;Rowat et al, 2011). Selain di perairan Indonesia, beberapa perairan yang sering menjadi tempat munculnya hius paus secara musiman diantaranya adalah di perairan Ningaloo Reef, Australia (Taylor, 1996), Belize (Heyman et al, 2001), Seychelles (Rowat & Gore, 2007), Maldives (Anderson & Ahmed, 1993), dan Mexico (de la Parra Venegas et al, 2011;Ketchum et al, 2012;Hueter et al, 2013) serta Qatar (Robinson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

STATUS PEMANFAATAN DAN UPAYA PENANGANAN HIU PAUS (Rhincodon typus) TERDAMPAR DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA

Nugraha¹,

Dharmadi²,

Wiadnyana³

2020

JURNAL KEBIJAKAN PERIKANAN INDONESIA

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Hiu paus merupakan salah satu jenis hiu berukuran terbesar yang ada di dunia dan sudah masuk dalam daftar merah (Red List) untuk spesies terancam IUCN yaitu berstatus terancam punah (endangered). Untuk menjaga agar sumber daya hiu paus tetap terjamin populasinya, maka perlu adanya upaya pengelolaan untuk mendukung pelestarian spesies ini. Dalam makalah ini dibahas tentang strategi pemanfaatan dan penanganan hiu paus yang terdampar di perairan Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei lapang dan wawancara yang dilakukan di Probolinggo dan Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Data dan informasi dihimpun dari penelusuran, dan penelahaan data dan informasi hasil penelitian serta laporan kegiatan yang terkait dengan hiu paus terdampar maupun keberadaannya di beberapa wilayah perairan di Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat enam wilayah perairan kemunculan hiu paus di Indonesia, baik yang menetap maupun yang tinggal sementara yaitu di perairan Teluk Cendrawasih, Talisayan, Kaimana, Teluk Gorontalo, Probolinggo, dan Banggai Kepulauan. Jumlah hiu paus yang berada di perairan Indonesia dan tersebar di beberapa wilayah perairan diperkirakan mencapai 253 ekor. dan teramati terbanyak berada di perairan Teluk Cendrawasih sebanyak 131 ekor. Kemunculan hiu paus maupun yang terdampar hampir terjadi setiap tahun dalam kondisi hidup terkadang keadaan mati. Koordinasi antara instansi terkait dan masyarakat dalam menangani dan menyelamatkan hiu paus yang terdampar maupun terjerat jaring saat ini sudah berjalan dengan baik. Terdapat 7 tahapan tata cara penanganan hiu paus terdampar dan ada 4 tahapan dalam rangka menunjang ekowisata hiu paus.Whale shark is one of the largest sharks in the world and on the red list IUCN for endangered species. To ensure that the population of whale sharks remains guaranteed, management efforts are needed to support the conservation of this species. The utilization and handling strategy of the whale sharks that stranded down in several Indonesian waters should be discussed seriously. Field survey method was applied and interview was done in Probolinggo and Situbondo, East Java. Data and information were collected and had been analyzed as well as activities reported that related to whale sharks stranded and their presence in several territorial waters Indonesia waters. The results of the study showed that there were six Indonesia waters area in which whale sharks appeared, both permanent and temporary, namely in Cendrawasih Bay, Talisayan, Kaimana, Gorontalo, Probolinggo, and Banggai Islands. The whale shark number that found in several Indonesian waters had been estimated about 253 individuals and the highest number was found 131 in Cendrawasih Bay. The appearances of whale shark and stranded in Indonesian waters has been almost every year and found in living or in such cases been in dead conditions that trapped in the shallow area. Coordination between related agencies and the community to carry out and rescuing whale sharks stranded or entangled in nets, has been in good progress. There were 7 stages of procedures for handling stranded whale sharks and 4 stages in order to support the ecotourism activities that related with appearances of whale sharks.

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Shark ecology, the role of the apex predator and current conservation status

Cited by 19 publications

References 88 publications

Evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Evidence of interactions between white sharks and large squids in Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Short Communication: The presence of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae) in the fresh waters of Sumatra, Indonesia

STATUS PEMANFAATAN DAN UPAYA PENANGANAN HIU PAUS (Rhincodon typus) TERDAMPAR DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA

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