Sexual torture of Palestinian men by Israeli authorities

Weishut, Daniel J. N.

doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2015.11.019

Cited by 15 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These children suffer physical injuries, a variety of somatic complaints, enuresis, constipation, sleep disorders, and psychological disorders. [47–56] A follow-up study on children who were tortured or whose parents were tortured in Chile found that both the prevalence and frequency of somatic symptoms increased over time after resettlement in Denmark. [55]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The witnessing, experience, and perpetration of sexual violence and sexual exploitation are documented by numerous papers in this review, nine of which dealt exclusively with these issues. [56, 100, 104, 105, 115–119] All included studies of children associated with armed groups document sexual violence of and by these children. However, the studies that focus exclusively on sexual violence and exploitation, suggest the problem is far more widespread.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of armed conflict on child health and development: A systematic review

2019

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BackgroundArmed conflicts affect more than one in 10 children globally. While there is a large literature on mental health, the effects of armed conflict on children’s physical health and development are not well understood. This systematic review summarizes the current and past knowledge on the effects of armed conflict on child health and development.MethodsA systematic review was performed with searches in major and regional databases for papers published 1 January 1945 to 25 April 2017. Included studies provided data on physical and/or developmental outcomes associated with armed conflict in children under 18 years. Data were extracted on health outcomes, displacement, social isolation, experience of violence, orphan status, and access to basic needs. The review is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42017036425.FindingsAmong 17,679 publications screened, 155 were eligible for inclusion. Nearly half of the 131 quantitative studies were case reports, chart or registry reviews, and one-third were cross-sectional studies. Additionally, 18 qualitative and 6 mixed-methods studies were included. The papers describe mortality, injuries, illnesses, environmental exposures, limitations in access to health care and education, and the experience of violence, including torture and sexual violence. Studies also described conflict-related social changes affecting child health. The geographical coverage of the literature is limited. Data on the effects of conflict on child development are scarce.InterpretationThe available data document the pervasive effect of conflict as a form of violence against children and a negative social determinant of child health. There is an urgent need for research on the mechanisms by which conflict affects child health and development and the relationship between physical health, mental health, and social conditions. Particular priority should be given to studies on child development, the long term effects of exposure to conflict, and protective and mitigating factors against the harmful effects of armed conflict on children.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of armed conflict on child health and development: A systematic review

2019

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“…Although electric torture to genitals has been previously described (i.e. Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, 2011; Weishut, 2015), no known research exists that investigates the sequelae and optimum rehabilitation procedures for patients presenting with ure-thral sequelae. This paper aims to help address this gap with two objectives:…”

Section: S H O R T S C I E N T I F I C R E P O R Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parrilla urethra: A sequalae of electric shock torture to genitals in men. A 40 case series in Kashmir (India)

Khawaja

Dar

Dar³

et al. 2020

torture

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Introduction: Since the 20th century, electric shock torture has become one of the most prevalent methods of torture partly because it produces sequelae that are more challenging to visibly detect, particularly when administered using high voltage and low current. In sexual torture, a wire is wrapped around the head of the penis and a wire electrode is inserted into the urethra.This produces unbearable pain and can lead to urethral strictures with devastating physical and psychological consequences. Objective: To document electric shock torture to genitals as an etiologic agent in urethral stricture and erectile dysfunction amongst survivors of electric torture introduc- ing the term “parrilla urethra” for the electric shock torture urethral stricture. Materials and methods: The study included 40 patients who attended the Department of Urology, Directorate of Health services, Sri- nagar, Kashmir, India with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) / obstructive uroflowmetry between March 2010 and No- vember 2014. All cases had an antecedent of electric shock torture to genitals six months to one year prior to examination. Pre-post psy- chological impact and well-being was used through Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores. Results: The mean age of patients was 35.6 years. Most of the urethral strictures were located in the anterior urethra. Some degree of erectile dysfunction was present in all (100%) of patients. Psychological sequelae including depression, anxiety, acute stress disorder and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder were observed. Patients were treated with stan- dard urethroplasty procedures after address- ing the urethral stricture.This improved both physical and psychological sequelae of torture.

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“…For many women, especially in societies where honor is relevant to selfconcept, rape constitutes an eclipse (see Cahill, 2001) or possible loss of inner self as linked to gendered ideals of purity and the socially imposed mandate to defend collective honor. For men among whom socially constructed ideas of what it means to be a man means being heterosexual, sexual torture is often associated with a fear of having become homosexual, in other words, of being degraded to not being a true man any more (Carpenter, 2006;Sivakumaran, 2007;Weishut, 2015). In certain contexts, for men for whom honor is dependent on the sexual purity of his wife, a man can likewise be degraded through his manhood by being subjected to the genderized torture of witnessing the rape of his wife.…”

Section: The Legal Contoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

From sexualized torture and gender-based torture to genderized torture: The urgent need for a conceptual evolution

Pérez–Sales

Zraly²

2018

Torture

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Classical perspectives on sexualized torture are being increasingly challenged by contemporary debates informed by emerging claims (Mendez, 2016; Sáez, 2016; Sifris, 2014). Gender-based analysis based on feminist and other theoretical approaches is needed to adequately address these. Arriving at a general framework for the reconceptualization of torture, and progressively widening the analytical scope of gender and torture, are priorities. Gender analyses of torture needs to encompass a broader range of phenomena, from rape and attacks on sexual integrity to any suffering inflicted on human beings that is intricately intertwined with gender (Jakobsen, 2014), including and not limited to discrimination against LGTBI persons,1 genital mutilation, and the restriction of any of the broad range of issues under the frame of reproductive freedom, such as abortion and involuntary sterilization.2 The push for a gender transformative rethinking of conceptual and analytical approaches to torture is accompanied by the need to develop specific tools to detect and assess sexual and gender-based torture (including the necessity for a reconsideration of gender perspectives on the Istanbul Protocol), to incorporate a feminist perspective in the rehabilitation of victims. This requires specific treatment approaches as well as holistic survivor-centered rehabilitation models that include access to high quality and comprehensive services. Services that support stigma reduction are particularly important. Our own desk review on all papers published in Torture Journal since 2006 until 2018 showed a clear gender analysis gap: only 32% of papers included the word ‘gender’ and 38% the word ‘female’ in any part of the text. In 84% of the cases, these mentions simply indexed the presentation of data disaggregated by sex. Only 4% of all the papers published in the Journal attempted a gender analysis. To help address this gap, the Journal circulated a call for papers on gender and torture that aligned with research priorities identified in our Delphi study (Pérez-Sales, Witcombe, & Otero, 2017). The response to this call has been encouraging. This issue features a collection of texts that highlight important aspects of sexualized and gender-based torture and provide reflections that contribute to framing the theoretical debate on the nature and scope of gender-based and genderized forms of torture. The Journal believes that even more research and reflection is necessary to adequately clarify and raise the terms of this debate and additional texts relevant to the topic are planned to appear in forthcoming issues. This current issue draws out key concepts that are important to making an impact, both on the debate and in practice.

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Sexual torture of Palestinian men by Israeli authorities

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of armed conflict on child health and development: A systematic review

Effects of armed conflict on child health and development: A systematic review

Parrilla urethra: A sequalae of electric shock torture to genitals in men. A 40 case series in Kashmir (India)

From sexualized torture and gender-based torture to genderized torture: The urgent need for a conceptual evolution

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