“…While several studies have reported that women experience greater mean levels of SH than men (Berdahl and Moore, 2006; Das, 2009; Hand and Sanchez, 2000; Kalof et al, 2001; Lott et al, 1982; Reilly et al, 1986), others have reported more nuanced (McGinley et al, 2011), nonsignificant (Rospenda et al, 2000), or reversed (McMaster et al, 2002; Petersen and Hyde, 2009a,b; Wei and Chen, 2012) links between gender and SH. Still, studies have shown that some women are especially stressed or prone to self-blame by this form of victimization, which may have implications on their mental health (Goldstein et al, 2007; Lott et al, 1982; Petersen and Hyde, 2013a, 2013b; Till, 1980; Yoon et al, 2010), although few studies have attempted to understand these relations longitudinally in a young adult collegiate sample. Further, while men have overall higher rates of substance use than women (Goldstein et al, 2007; Greenbaum et al, 2005; O'Malley and Johnston, 2002), research indicates that college women have experienced a notable increase in problem drinking behaviors (e.g., binge drinking) compared to male students, whose rates have not exhibited a similar increase (Hoeppner et al, 2013; Newes-Adeyi et al, 2005).…”