This study examined the determinants of caregiving burden among South Koreans who care for their disabled older family members. A sample of 1,000 primary caregivers taken from the Comprehensive Study for Elderly Welfare Policy in Seoul, South Korea was analyzed. Independent variables included the demographic characteristics of caregivers and care recipients, the severity of cognitive impairment among care recipients, care recipients' functional abilities, financial adequacy and caregivers' degree of social support. Hierarchical regression was used to predict the levels of caregivers' burden. Similar to western care providers, South Korean caregivers who were in poor health and who had little informal social support, inadequate financial resources and more weekly caregiving hours were more likely to experience intense caregiving burden. Burden was also positively related to the functional and cognitive disabilities of care recipients. The results of this study indicate that certain aspects of caregiving are unique to South Koreans. Daughters-in-law were the most common caregiver within the sample which indicates that South Korean eldercare is non-consanguineous. Identifying predictors of South Korean caregivers' burden promotes a more comprehensive understanding of cultural experiences in caring for older adults.
Next-generation Li-ion batteries are being developed with high-voltage cathodes to maximize their energy and power densities. However, the commercialization of high-voltage cathodes has been delayed due to the degradations of active materials and electrolytes in long-term cycling. Recent advances have made significant improvements in these issues; however, the corrosion of Al current collector and its effects on battery performances have not been studied in detail despite its importance. In this study, the compositional and morphological evolutions of the passivation layer formed on Al are examined. The ion fluxes of Al 3+ and F − through the native oxide layer of Al play a critical role in the formation of the passivation film and the inhibition of further corrosion. However, the continuous diffusion of the ions during long-term cycling at elevated temperature deteriorates the passivation ability of the film. An artificial diffusion barrier on the surface of Al effectively suppresses the ion fluxes to enhance the cyclability of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 . This work contributes to improving the stability of the current collector at high voltages and serves as a benchmark for corrosion studies concerning advanced energy storage devices.
This study explored the relationship between sexual victimization and psychological outcomes in two samples of a total of 410 college women in two southern states, as well as racial differences in the prevalence of and responses to sexual harassment experiences. It found an alarmingly high rate of sexual victimization among both the Black and the White students. Internalized shame was a useful construct for understanding the relationship between sexual harassment and potential psychological correlates. The findings shed light on the ways in which college women’s academic success and psychological well-being can be undermined by sexual harassment.
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