Sexual dimorphism in insulin resistance in a metabolic syndrome rat model

Velasco, Manuel; Ortiz-Huidobro, Rosa Isela; Larqué, Carlos; Romo-Yáñez, José; Hiriart, Marcia

doi:10.1530/ec-20-0288

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Insulin is a critical regulator of energy metabolism. Current evidence shows sex-related differences in beta-cell insulin secretion and the insulin signaling pathway in other tissues (60)(61)(62)(63)(64).…”

Section: The Role Of Estrogens On Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morbid obesity usually causes an aberrant accumulation of TG in the liver, which leads to hepatic steatosis and further impairs systemic fat metabolism (64,88).…”

Section: Obesity Dyslipidemia and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma insulin levels are elevated during fasting due to elevated glucose beta-cell stimulation and or in response to meta-inflammation because even with average glucose values, there is hyperinsulinemia (95). There are alterations in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and liver in rats with insulin resistance (64,95). These alterations reflect an increase in FFA levels in circulation due to the loss of lipolysis inhibition in adipose tissue in these animals (88).…”

Section: Sexual Dimorphism In Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Release of FFA and cytokines from WAT induces accumulation of ectopic fat in muscle and the liver, as well as inflammation and insulin signaling defects in other tissues (6,64).…”

Section: Sexual Dimorphism In Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Insulin Actions Are Sexually Dimorphic in Lipid Metabolism

et al. 2021

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The increment in energy-dense food and low physical activity has contributed to the current obesity pandemic, which is more prevalent in women than in men. Insulin is an anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. During obesity, nutrient storage capacity is dysregulated due to a reduced insulin action on its target organs, producing insulin resistance, an early marker of metabolic dysfunction. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue is central in metabolic diseases due to the critical role that this tissue plays in energy homeostasis. We focused on sexual dimorphism on the molecular mechanisms of insulin actions and their relationship with the physiology and pathophysiology of adipose tissue. Until recently, most of the physiological and pharmacological studies were done in males without considering sexual dimorphism, which is relevant. There is ample clinical and epidemiological evidence of its contribution to the establishment and progression of metabolic diseases. Sexual dimorphism is a critical and often overlooked factor that should be considered in design of sex-targeted therapeutic strategies and public health policies to address obesity and diabetes.

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Section: The Role Of Estrogens On Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morbid obesity usually causes an aberrant accumulation of TG in the liver, which leads to hepatic steatosis and further impairs systemic fat metabolism (64,88).…”

Section: Obesity Dyslipidemia and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sexual Dimorphism In Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Release of FFA and cytokines from WAT induces accumulation of ectopic fat in muscle and the liver, as well as inflammation and insulin signaling defects in other tissues (6,64).…”

Section: Sexual Dimorphism In Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Molecular Insulin Actions Are Sexually Dimorphic in Lipid Metabolism

et al. 2021

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“…For example, while the average age at which women tend to experience myocardial infarction is higher than that of men, variables such as hypertension, diabetes and smoking result in significantly higher hazard ratios of myocardial infarction in women than in men (Mauvais-Jarvis et al, 2020). Metabolic syndrome may also develop differently due to physiological sexual dimorphism, as has been seen in other animals (Velasco et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Physiological Network of Healthy Young Subjects

et al. 2021

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Within human physiology, systemic interactions couple physiological variables to maintain homeostasis. These interactions change according to health status and are modified by factors such as age and sex. For several physiological processes, sex-based distinctions in normal physiology are present and defined in isolation. However, new methodologies are indispensable to analyze system-wide properties and interactions with the objective of exploring differences between sexes. Here we propose a new method to construct complex inferential networks from a normalization using the clinical criteria for health of physiological variables, and the correlations between anthropometric and blood tests biomarkers of 198 healthy young participants (117 women, 81 men, from 18 to 27 years old). Physiological networks of men have less correlations, displayed higher modularity, higher small-world index, but were more vulnerable to directed attacks, whereas networks of women were more resilient. The networks of both men and women displayed sex-specific connections that are consistent with the literature. Additionally, we carried out a time-series study on heart rate variability (HRV) using Physionet’s Fantasia database. Autocorrelation of HRV, variance, and Poincare’s plots, as a measure of variability, are statistically significant higher in young men and statistically significant different from young women. These differences are attenuated in older men and women, that have similar HRV distributions. The network approach revealed differences in the association of variables related to glucose homeostasis, nitrogen balance, kidney function, and fat depots. The clusters of physiological variables and their roles within the network remained similar regardless of sex. Both methodologies show a higher number of associations between variables in the physiological system of women, implying redundant mechanisms of control and simultaneously showing that these systems display less variability in time than those of men, constituting a more resilient system.

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