Sex Differences in the Clinical Incidence of Concussions, Missed School Days, and Time Loss in High School Student-Athletes: Part 1

Bretzin, Abigail C.; Covassin, Tracey; Fox, Meghan E.; Petit, Kyle M.; Savage, Jennifer L.; Walker, Lauren F.; Gould, Daniel

doi:10.1177/0363546518778251

Cited by 71 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is worth noting that boys had a significantly higher PARI incidence, injury risk and injury rate than girls (42.0% vs. 25.0%, 0.89 vs. 0.46 and 1.52 vs. 1.28) and different potential risk factors were found between genders, which was consistent with previous research [5,17]. Compared with girls, boys tend to be more motivated and active to engage in PA [26,27], which might elevate their exposure to PARI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, the adverse effects of PA participation have also been documented in numerous studies—the increased risk of physical activity-related injuries (PARI) [3,4]. Previous studies revealed that PARI could place a great burden on children and adolescents, resulting in absence from classes and normal PA engagement, physical discomfort, medical consultation and hospitalization [5,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have mainly looked at the nature of PARI [3,4,5]; only a few focused on the potential risk factors of PARI among middle school students [10]. An accepted methodology reported that injury prevention measures include four steps [11]: (1) identify and describe the severity; (2) determine the risk factors and mechanisms; (3) introduce measures which are likely to reduce the injury risk in the future; (4) repeat the first step to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender-Specific Risk Factors of Physical Activity-Related Injuries among Middle School Students in Southern China

Tang

Cai

Yang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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This cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the potential risk factors of physical activity-related injuries (PARI) among middle-school students of different genders. Selected by the random cluster sampling method, students aged from 12 to 16 years old in grades 7–8 from six middle schools in Shantou, southern China, were recruited for this investigation in November 2017. Information about socio-demographics, physical activity (PA) exposure time, individual exercise behaviors, risk-taking behaviors, and PARI experiences in the past 12 months was collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors of PARI. A total of 1270 students completed valid questionnaires, with an overall injury incidence of 33.6% (boys: 42.0%; girls: 25.0%), an injury risk of 0.68 injuries/student/year, and an injury rate of 1.43 injuries per 1000 PA exposure hours. For boys, living in a school dormitory, participating in sports teams, exercising on a wet floor, rebellious behavior, and having longer PA exposure time were the risk factors of PARI. For girls, those who were sports team members, whose parents were divorced or separated, and those with longer PA exposure time were more vulnerable to suffer from PARI. In conclusion, PARI was a health problem among middle school students in southern China. Boys and girls differed in PARI occurrence and were affected by different risk factors, which provides a basis for targeted gender-specific intervention programs to reduce the occurrence of PARI among middle-school students.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender-Specific Risk Factors of Physical Activity-Related Injuries among Middle School Students in Southern China

Tang

Cai

Yang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The results of this retrospective study are mostly consistent with previous studies in relation to gender differences in the incidence of concussions [6,10,17,18]. Overall, for this study more females sought treatment for a concussion compared to males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Epidemiology and Incidence of Pediatric Concussions in General Aspects of Life

2019

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Background: Concussions are one of the most common head injuries acquired within the pediatric population. While sport-related concussions are well documented, concussions within other aspects of a child’s life are not as well researched. The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of a large pediatric concussion population in a broad range of daily activities. Methods: Patients’ gender and nature of injury were extracted from 1408 medical records of patients who were diagnosed with a concussion at Saint Peter’s Sports Medicine Institute. Statistical analyses were conducted for activities and environmental settings using chi-squared tests. Results: Concussions were most prevalent in organized sports (53.3%), followed by injuries within the following settings: school (16.5%), recreational (6.7%), motor vehicle collisions (6.6%), home (5.5%), and other (11.3%). Specifically, soccer (12.9%), school physical education (PE) class (10.6%), and football (9.8%) subcategories recorded the most incidences of concussion. For the PE class cohort (n = 149), significantly more females were diagnosed with a concussion compared to males (p < 0.001). Conclusions: PE-related concussions had the second highest incidence rate after organized sports. A significant gender difference was observed in PE class. Awareness about concussions and methods to reduce the risk of concussion is suggested for PE classes.

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“…However, there is substantial research to suggest there are sex differences in clinical outcomes following a concussion. Female athletes may have an increased risk of injury 6,7 and prolonged recovery time 8,9 and report different symptom profiles compared with male athletes 10 ; however, these findings are not conclusive, and differences may be more prevalent in younger populations. [11][12][13] Although there is evidence of sex differences in clinical presentation, it is currently unclear whether they are associated with underlying differences in concussion neurobiology between men and women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Cerebral Blood Flow Associated with a History of Concussion

Hamer

Churchill

Hutchison

et al. 2020

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Growing evidence suggests that a history of sport concussion may lead to long-term changes in brain physiology, with cerebral blood flow (CBF) being particularly sensitive to injury. However, it is unknown whether these changes are sex specific. The goal of this study was to evaluate sex differences in CBF of asymptomatic athletes, with and without a history of concussion (HOC) using arterial spin labeling (ASL). Scans were acquired for 122 athletes, including those without HOC (33 male, 33 female) and those with HOC (28 male, 28 female). Males with HOC had lower CBF bilaterally than males without HOC, seen predominantly in the temporal lobes. In contrast, females with HOC showed no significant differences relative to females without HOC, although they had significantly higher variability in temporal CBF values compared with males with HOC. Additional analyses within the HOC groups found that females with multiple concussion had lower CBF posteriorly compared with those with a single concussion, whereas males showed no significant effects. This study provides the first evidence of sex differences in CBF associated with HOC.

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Sex Differences in the Clinical Incidence of Concussions, Missed School Days, and Time Loss in High School Student-Athletes: Part 1

Abstract: Despite sex differences in the clinical incidence of SRCs and time loss from participation in high school sports, the numbers of missed school days are relatively similar between sexes.

Cited by 71 publications

References 25 publications

Gender-Specific Risk Factors of Physical Activity-Related Injuries among Middle School Students in Southern China

Gender-Specific Risk Factors of Physical Activity-Related Injuries among Middle School Students in Southern China

Epidemiology and Incidence of Pediatric Concussions in General Aspects of Life

Sex Differences in Cerebral Blood Flow Associated with a History of Concussion

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