Epidemiology and Incidence of Pediatric Concussions in General Aspects of Life

Yaramothu, Chang; Goodman, Arlene; Alvarez, Tara L.

doi:10.3390/brainsci9100257

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is consistent with research that shows concussions in the school setting are most likely to occur during organized sports activities, especially among those who are high school age. 34,35 Elementary school age students are at increased risk for concussion during playground activities. 20 Still, within the school setting, concussions may occur outside of sports or physical activity, such as when a student slips and bumps their head in the classroom or in the hallway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Still, within the school setting, concussions may occur outside of sports or physical activity, such as when a student slips and bumps their head in the classroom or in the hallway. 34 Or, concussions may occur outside of school as a result of a fall at home or a motor vehicle crash. 36 It is unclear if concussion policies related to professional development and those that prioritize return to the classroom before returning to athletics also improve identification and prevention of repeat concussions from non-sports-or physical activity-related causes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association Between School District‐Based Policies Related to Concussions and Concussions Among High School Students

Miller

Sarmiento

Haarbauer‐Krupa

et al. 2021

Journal of School Health

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BACKGROUND:Little is known about the effectiveness of school district concussion policies on reducing the concussion prevalence among students. METHODS:Data from the 2016 School Health Policies and Practices Study and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey for 10 school districts were linked. The outcome variable was having a sports-or physical activity-related concussion during the 12 months before of the survey. Exposure variables were 2 district policies, including district-funded professional development and prioritizing return to the classroom before returning to athletics. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of a concussion among students in districts with one, both, or neither policy (referent). RESULTS:In districts with district-funded professional development, the odds of students self-reporting ≥2 sports-or physical activity-related concussions were 1.4 times higher than in districts with neither policy. In districts with a policy prioritizing a return to the classroom before returning to athletics, the odds of students self-reporting ≥2 concussions were significantly lower (OR = 0.6) than in districts with neither policy.CONCLUSION: School district concussion policies may have positive effects by identifying and reducing multiple concussions among students.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between School District‐Based Policies Related to Concussions and Concussions Among High School Students

Miller

Sarmiento

Haarbauer‐Krupa

et al. 2021

Journal of School Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Concussion injuries present a public health challenge that impacts many different professional and amateur sports [1], military training and deployment [2,3], and large pediatric [4], elderly [5], and civilian [6] populations. A concussion can lead to disruptions that are widespread throughout the brain [1,7].…”

Section: Introduction 1challenges In Concussion Diagnosis and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phybrata Sensors and Machine Learning for Enhanced Neurophysiological Diagnosis and Treatment

Hope¹,

Vashisth²,

Parker³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Concussion injuries remain a significant public health challenge. A significant unmet clinical need remains for tools that allow related physiological impairments and longer-term health risks to be identified earlier, better quantified, and more easily monitored over time. We address this challenge by combining a head-mounted wearable inertial motion unit (IMU)-based physiological vibration acceleration (“phybrata”) sensor and several candidate machine learning (ML) models. The performance of this solution is assessed for both binary classification of concussion patients and multiclass predictions of specific concussion-related neurophysiological impairments. Results are compared with previously reported approaches to ML-based concussion diagnostics. Using phybrata data from a previously reported concussion study population, four different machine learning models (Support Vector Machine, Random Forest Classifier, Extreme Gradient Boost, and Convolutional Neural Network) are first investigated for binary classification of the test population as healthy vs. concussion (Use Case 1). Results are compared for two different data preprocessing pipelines, Time-Series Averaging (TSA) and Non-Time-Series Feature Extraction (NTS). Next, the three best-performing NTS models are compared in terms of their multiclass prediction performance for specific concussion-related impairments: vestibular, neurological, both (Use Case 2). For Use Case 1, the NTS model approach outperformed the TSA approach, with the two best algorithms achieving an F1 score of 0.94. For Use Case 2, the NTS Random Forest model achieved the best performance in the testing set, with an F1 score of 0.90, and identified a wider range of relevant phybrata signal features that contributed to impairment classification compared with manual feature inspection and statistical data analysis. The overall classification performance achieved in the present work exceeds previously reported approaches to ML-based concussion diagnostics using other data sources and ML models. This study also demonstrates the first combination of a wearable IMU-based sensor and ML model that enables both binary classification of concussion patients and multiclass predictions of specific concussion-related neurophysiological impairments.

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“…During childhood and adolescence, organized sports activities (e.g., football, soccer) contribute to the majority of concussions among school‐age children (age 6 years and older) 1,6 . A recent study also found that concussions commonly occur when children are at school 7 . Additionally, males, children aged 10‐14 and 15‐17 years old, and contact sports had higher rates of pediatric emergency department visits for sports‐ and recreation‐related activities, though for younger children playground activities did account for a large percentage as well 8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of pediatric patients seen in a sports concussion clinic found that concussions sustained at school most commonly occurred when a student was participating in physical education (PE) class, in a classroom, at recess, or in the hallway 7 . However, the context and circumstances that lead to a concussion in the school setting, as well as the action taken in response to the injury, has not been described in the published literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Suspected Concussions Among K‐12 Students in Utah: Findings From Utah's Student Injury Reporting System

Waltzman

Daugherty

Sarmiento

et al. 2021

Journal of School Health

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BACKGROUND To inform prevention strategies, this study provides incidence, factors, and actions taken when a suspected concussion occurred in K‐12 schools in Utah. METHODS Data were collected using Utah's Student Injury Reporting System (SIRS) from the academic years 2011‐2012 to 2018‐2019. SIRS is a unique online system that tracks injuries that occur in the school setting among K‐12 students in Utah. Descriptive statistics were computed to characterize students with a suspected concussion. Chi‐square (χ2) analysis looking at characteristics by school level was also conducted. RESULTS Over 63,000 K‐12 students in Utah sustained an injury at school during the study period. Suspected concussions comprised 10% of all injuries. The prevalence of concussions was highest among males (60.6%) and elementary school students (42.6%) and most often occurred outdoors (57.6%) or on a playground/playfield (33.9%), and in sports‐ and recreation‐related activities (75.1%) (specifically contact sports, 24.0%). Most students with a suspected concussion were absent 1 day or less from school (71.4%) but about 68% were seen by a medical professional. Further, there were differences by school level. Females and students playing contact sports had a higher percentage of suspected concussions as school level increased, whereas males and concussions sustained during school hours had a lower percentage of suspected concussions as school level increased. CONCLUSIONS SIRS enables schools in Utah to identify groups at risk for concussion, as well as activities most commonly associated with these injuries, within the school environment. Using this information, schools may implement targeted prevention strategies to protect students.

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Epidemiology and Incidence of Pediatric Concussions in General Aspects of Life

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

The Association Between School District‐Based Policies Related to Concussions and Concussions Among High School Students

The Association Between School District‐Based Policies Related to Concussions and Concussions Among High School Students

Phybrata Sensors and Machine Learning for Enhanced Neurophysiological Diagnosis and Treatment

Prevalence of Suspected Concussions Among K‐12 Students in Utah: Findings From Utah's Student Injury Reporting System

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