Sex differences in mate choice criteria are reflected in folktales from around the world and in historical European literature

Gottschall, Jonathan; Martin, Johanna; Quish, Hadley; Rea, Jon

doi:10.1016/s1090-5138(04)00007-8

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Despite obtaining a pattern of results that supported our hypothesis, it is important to point out that the analyses produced relatively small effect sizes. These findings are consistent with the literature that has demonstrated gender differences in preferences for reproductively relevant traits (Buss et al 2001;Gottschall et al 2004;Regan et al 2008). The reproductively relevant traits (e.g., wealth, commitment) suggested by this literature were the same traits that aroused suspicion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Numerous studies have found that women compared to men prefer mates who are rich in resources (e.g., Buss 1985;Buss et al 1990;Fisman, Iyengar, Kamenica, and Simonson 2006;Goetz 2013;Gottschall, Martin, Quish, and Rea 2004;Iredale, Vugt, and Dunbar 2008;Hudson and Henze 1969;Asendorpf, Penke, and Back 2011;Buss, Shackelford, Kirkpatrick, and Larsen 2001), interested in commitment (e.g., Marlowe 2004;Hamida, Mineka, and Bailey 1998), and interested in child rearing (e.g., Hudson and Henze 1969;Hoyt and Hudson 1981;Buss et al 2001). Alternatively, there are numerous studies have found that men compared to women place greater emphasis on a potential mate's availability for sexual relations (e.g., Regan et al 2008), youthfulness (e.g., Marlowe 2004;Hudson and Henze 1969;Hamida et al 1998), and physical beauty (e.g., Buss 1985Buss , 1994Buss et al 2001).…”

Section: Gender Differences In Mate Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Gender and Cost on Suspicion in Initial Courtship Communications

Walsh

Millar

Westfall

2016

Evolutionary Psychological Science

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The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of gender on suspicion towards claims made during courtship communications. It was hypothesized that participants would be more suspicious of claims made about reproductive relevant traits. To test the hypothesis, participants read a total of eight scenarios describing traits relevant to female reproduction (wealth, commitment, and child interest), traits relevant to male reproduction (physical beauty, youth, and sexual availability), and traits neutral to both genders (stargazing and game playing). After each scenario, participants indicated their suspiciousness about the veracity of the communication on five scales. As predicted, both men and women believed the neutral claim scenarios more than claims about reproductively significant traits. Women compared to men were more suspicious of claims related to wealth, commitment, and child interest, while men compared to women were more suspicious of claims related to physical beauty, youth, and sexual availability. Keywords Courtship communication . Suspicion . GenderDeception is common during human mate selection where both men and women engage in intersexual deceit in an effort to obtain high-quality mates (Dussault, Hojjat, and Boone 2013;Epstein 2007). A common intersexual deceptive strategy is to exaggerate or use false statements to convince prospective mates that they possess traits desired by the opposite sex (Bleske-Rechek and Buss 2006; Gonzaga, Keltner, Londahl, and Smith 2001; Toma and Hancock 2010). Gender Differences in Mate PreferencesEvolutionary psychologists drawing on Trivers' (1972) parental investment theory have specified a number of potential differences between the mate preferences of men and women. Trivers (1972) noted that biological differences between men and women (e.g., differences in reproductive capacity, energy and time to reproduce, and parental certainty) would result in sex-differentiated mating strategies and mate preferences. Specifically, women compared to men should be more interested in restricting reproduction, investing heavily in each child, and finding a mate that is willing do likewise. Consequently, when selecting long-term mates, it is beneficial for women to consider a man's willingness to commit to a long-term relationship and his ability and willingness to assist in raising offspring (Todd, Penke, Fasolo, and Lenton 2007). Alternatively, given the shorter reproductive life women, men will need to place more emphasis on cues related to the reproductive status such as youth. Further, the smaller initial investment in reproduction by men may allow them to place more emphasis on cues associated with immediate reproductive value such as beauty.Numerous studies have found that women compared to men prefer mates who are rich in resources (e.g., Buss 1985;

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Gender Differences In Mate Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Gender and Cost on Suspicion in Initial Courtship Communications

Walsh

Millar

Westfall

2016

Evolutionary Psychological Science

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“…Clearly when reviewing the evidence social status, along with ambition and slightly older age, are indeed qualities that women value in the opposite sex for a potential long-term partner (GOTTSCHALL et al 2003(GOTTSCHALL et al , 2004KHALLAD 2005). This female desire for males with high social status is supported by findings that women show a greater preference than men for earning potential or social status when asked what characteristics they consider important in a mate (BUSS 1989;BUSS and BARNES 1986;TOWNSEND 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Manipulated luxury-apartment ownership enhances opposite-sex attraction in females but not males

Dünn¹,

Hill²

2014

Journal of Evolutionary Psychology

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Abstract. Manipulated prestige car ownership has been shown previously to enhance male attractiveness. In the current study the illusion of status-linked property ownership was achieved by presenting a target male and female (matched for attractiveness) adopting a casual posture standing in either a 'high status' (luxury apartment) or a 'neutral status' (standard apartment) context. A between-subjects design was used with the photographic stimuli presented amongst other masking stimuli and rated for attractiveness by opposite-sex university undergraduate participants (N = 102) on a scale of 1-10. The male model was rated significantly more attractive when presented to females in the high status compared to the neutral status context and was also adjudged to be significantly more attractive than the female target superimposed on an identical background. There was no significant difference in the female target models attractiveness ratings given by males across the two contexts. These results were obtained despite no sex-differences being found when separate participants were asked to rate the plausibility of each target model owning or renting the luxury property they were depicted in. These findings add to a growing body of work high-lighting the importance of contextual, evolutionarily relevant status cues in male attractiveness judgements.

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“…see 5,8,12], sociological and psychological aspects [e.g. see 13,27,34], reflecting the wide-ranging and multidisciplinary interest in them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing The EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill Through Folktales Based Instruction

Mantra

Maba

2018

SHS Web Conf.

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Abstract. This present research was conducted to improve the EFL learners' speaking skill through the implementation of Folktales Based Instruction. Consequently this study was intended to explore the valuable usefulness of folktales based instruction implemented intensively in EFL classroom. The subject of the present study consisted of 30 EFL adult learners. The study was conducted in two consecutive cycles in which two learning sessions were carried out for each cycle. The tea ching sessions were str ongly focused on the learners' active engagement in various communicative classroom activities to ensure that the learners gain higher level of speaking ability. The research result showed that the learners' speaking skill improved significantly in the second cycle compared to the first cycle. The questionnaire result also showed that the learners strongly enjoyed learning speaking through the integration of folktales based instruction.Therefore it is recommended that teachers should consider utilizing folktales based instruction in teaching speaking skill.

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Sex differences in mate choice criteria are reflected in folktales from around the world and in historical European literature

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

The Effects of Gender and Cost on Suspicion in Initial Courtship Communications

The Effects of Gender and Cost on Suspicion in Initial Courtship Communications

Manipulated luxury-apartment ownership enhances opposite-sex attraction in females but not males

Enhancing The EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill Through Folktales Based Instruction

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