Sex differences in estimating multiple intelligences in self and others: A replication in Russia

Abstract

This was a crosscultural study that focused on sex differences in self- and other-estimates of multiple intelligences (including 10 that were specified by Gardner, 1999 and three by Sternberg, 1988) as well as in an overall general intelligence estimate. It was one of a programmatic series of studies done in over 30 countries that has demonstrated the female "humility" and male "hubris" effect in self-estimated and other-estimated intelligence. Two hundred and thirty Russian university students estimated their own and their parents' overall intelligence and "multiple intelligences." Results revealed no sex difference in estimates of overall intelligence for both self and parents, but men rated themselves higher on spatial intelligence. This contradicted many previous findings in the area which have shown that men rate their own overall intelligence and mathematical intelligence significantly higher than do women. Regressions indicated that estimates of verbal, logical, and spatial intelligences were the best predictors of estimates of overall intelligence, which is a consistent finding over many studies. Regressions also showed that participants' openness to experience and self-respect were good predictors of intelligence estimates. A comparison with a British sample showed that Russians gave higher mother estimates, and were less likely to believe that IQ tests measure intelligence. Results were discussed in relation to the influence of gender role stereotypes on lay conception of intelligence across cultures.

Gender differences in self-estimates of general, mathematical, spatial and verbal intelligence: Four meta analyses

“…This effect has replicated cross culturally with one recent study comparing twelve nations from four continents (Von Stumm, Chamorro-Premuzic, & Furnham, 2009). It is an area of research that has continued to attract attention and replication in many different countries (Furnham & Shagabutdinova, 2011;Kudrna, Furnham, & Swami, 2010;Perez, Gonsalez, & Beltran, 2010;Stieger et al, 2010;Yousefi, 2009). It relates partly to the literature on lay conceptions of intelligence (Neto, Mullett, & Furnham, 2009;Sternberg, Conway, Ketron, & Bernstein, 1981) and the question of the correspondence between the lay and scientific literature.…”

Characteristics of patients with language disorders and the theory of multiple intelligences

“…Many studies have presented the different perceptions of men and women, about their intelligence and/or their partners and/or their parents and/or their children. In most of these, it was found that there is a different understanding of the sexes in relation to the greater development of the intelligences and better performance in the activities related to them: masculine, mainly, in the spatial and logicalmathematical intelligences, and feminine, mainly in the interpersonal [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . In this sense, when comparing the results of this investigation with these studies, it is verified that they are partially similar.…”

“…One of the most recurrent themes in the research on Multiple Intelligences Theory is the approach to the perception of lay people about sex, gender and social roles [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . Among these, no investigations were found that contemplated the differences between the sexes of patients with altered language.…”

The role of gender, task success probability estimation and scores as predictors of the domain-masculine intelligence type (DMIQ)

“…Evidence from more than thirty studies shows that stable and consistent universal gender differences in SEI exist in general population (Furnham, 2001;Furnham & Budhani, 2002;Furnham, Crawshaw, & Rawles, 2006;Furnham & Shagabutdinova, 2012;Stieger et al, 2010;von Stumm, Chamorro-Premuzic, & Furnham, 2009), with the strongest gender differences observed on mathematical/ logical and spatial intelligences, followed by overall ('g') and verbal intelligences, with significantly higher self-estimates provided by males than females (Furnham, 2001;Furnham, Hosoe, & Tang, 2003;Rammstedt & Rammsayer, 2002a,b). The magnitude of gender differences in mathematical/logical, spatial, overall and verbal self-assessed intelligences were further revealed in meta-analytical study (Szymanowicz, Chamorro-Premuzic, & Furnham, 2011), with the biggest weighted mean effect sizes for mathematical/logical, (d = .…”