Sex Differences in Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19: Insights From a Multinational Registry

Abstract

Objectives: To confirm whether a relationship exists between male sex and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality and whether this relationship is age dependent. Patients and Methods: We queried the COVID-19 Research Network, a multinational database using the TriNetX network, to identify patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The main end point of the study was all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 14,712 patients were included, of whom 6387 (43%) were men. Men were older (mean age, 55.0AE17.7 years vs 51.1AE17.9 years; P<.001) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary disease, obstructive pulmonary disease, nicotine dependence, and heart failure but a lower prevalence of obesity. Before propensity score matching (PSM), all-cause mortality rate was 8.8% in men and 4.3% in women (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.87 to 2.46; P<.001) at a median follow-up duration of 34 and 32 days, respectively. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the cumulative probability of survival was significantly lower in men than in women (73% vs 86%; log-rank, P<.001). After PSM, all-cause mortality remained significantly higher in men than in women (8.13% vs 4.60%; odds ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.55 to 2.11; P<.001). In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the cumulative probability of survival remained significantly lower in men than in women (74% vs 86%; log-rank, P<.001). The cumulative probability of survival remained significantly lower in propensity scoreematched men than in women after excluding patients younger than 50 years and those who were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker medications on admission. Conclusion: Among patients with COVID-19 infection, men had a significantly higher mortality than did women, and this difference was not completely explained by the higher prevalence of comorbidities in men.

Sociodemographic aspects of the older population in front of COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country: the case of Peru

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Sex Differences in Mortality Rates and Underlying Conditions for COVID-19 Deaths in England and Wales

“…The median 17 The majority of recent studies have focused on the crude mortality or casefatality rates of COVID-19. [18][19][20][21] The latter is a proportion of the cumulative reported number of deaths by the cumulative number of reported cases and can be misleading, as there is often a lag in the manifestation of symptoms, testing for disease, and reporting of the number of cases, meaning that the true case-fatality rate is often underestimated, as demonstrated with previous epidemics. 22,23 ASMRs take into account differences in the age structure of a population and allow a more direct comparison of underlying conditions, especially when these vary by age.…”

The Efficacy of the Mineralcorticoid Receptor Antagonist Canrenone in COVID-19 Patients

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